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10 Jun 2020, 12:16
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D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
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Which of the following most logically completes the argument given below?
Some batches of Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis vaccine used around 1980 were contaminated with the Rubella virus, a virus that is known to cause Rubella-related diseases in primate laboratory specimens. Some researchers now claim that this contamination caused some cases of a certain Rubella-based disease in children, Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis. This claim is not undermined by the fact that a survey made in the 1980s of the children who had received the contaminated vaccine found no elevated incident of any Rubella disease, since ________.
(A) most cases of Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis are caused by exposure to contaminated water.
(B) in some developing countries, no contaminated vaccines were reported.
(C) Rubella virus is widely used in laboratories on primates to study Rubella diseases.
(D) Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis takes several decades to develop.
(E) Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis was less common in 1980 than it is now.
Some batches of Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis vaccine used around 1980 were contaminated with the Rubella virus, a virus that is known to cause Rubella-related diseases in primate laboratory specimens. Some researchers now claim that this contamination caused some cases of a certain Rubella-based disease in children, Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis. This claim is not undermined by the fact that a survey made in the 1980s of the children who had received the contaminated vaccine found no elevated incident of any Rubella disease, since ________.
(A) most cases of Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis are caused by exposure to contaminated water.
(B) in some developing countries, no contaminated vaccines were reported.
(C) Rubella virus is widely used in laboratories on primates to study Rubella diseases.
(D) Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis takes several decades to develop.
(E) Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis was less common in 1980 than it is now.
10 Jun 2020, 18:47
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Type: explain why the survey result does not weaken the researcher's claim.
Researcher's Claim: contamination caused some cases of a certain Rubella-based disease in children, Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis.
Survey result: a survey made in the 1980s of the children who had received the contaminated vaccine found no elevated incident of any Rubella disease.
(A) most cases of Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis are caused by exposure to contaminated water.
(B) in some developing countries, no contaminated vaccines were reported.
(C) Rubella virus is widely used in laboratories on primates to study Rubella diseases.
(D) Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis takes several decades to develop. - the survey results indicate that during the 1980's, no elevated incidents of any rubella disease were observed. (D) explains why such the survey was not able to make such observations: Since the Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis takes decades to develop, the Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis was not present in significant numbers to be detected or considered as ''elevated'', at the time of the survey. Therefore, (D) is the right answer choice.
(E) Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis was less common in 1980 than it is now.
Researcher's Claim: contamination caused some cases of a certain Rubella-based disease in children, Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis.
Survey result: a survey made in the 1980s of the children who had received the contaminated vaccine found no elevated incident of any Rubella disease.
(A) most cases of Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis are caused by exposure to contaminated water.
(B) in some developing countries, no contaminated vaccines were reported.
(C) Rubella virus is widely used in laboratories on primates to study Rubella diseases.
(D) Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis takes several decades to develop. - the survey results indicate that during the 1980's, no elevated incidents of any rubella disease were observed. (D) explains why such the survey was not able to make such observations: Since the Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis takes decades to develop, the Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis was not present in significant numbers to be detected or considered as ''elevated'', at the time of the survey. Therefore, (D) is the right answer choice.
(E) Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis was less common in 1980 than it is now.
HoneyLemon
10 Jun 2020, 19:35
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kapil1995
Should be D .
Conclusion by researchers : Contaminated vaccine caused some cases of a certain Rubella-based disease in children.
Conclusion by argument : The claim from researchers is not undermined by the fact that a survey made in the 1980s of the children who had received the contaminated vaccine found no elevated incident of any Rubella disease .
We need to find the reason why the author thinks that researcher's claim is not weakened even if there is no evidence of any Rubella indicated by the study .
Let's analyse ..
What if .. some how ,the evidence of any Rubella is hidden or expected to react in some good amount of time . In that case the researcher's claim is still valid ..
With this understanding we can go for POE .
(A) most cases of Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis are caused by exposure to contaminated water.
-- Not providing reason why researcher's claim is not weakened .. out
(B) in some developing countries, no contaminated vaccines were reported.
-- Not providing reason why researcher's claim is not weakened .. out
(C) Rubella virus is widely used in laboratories on primates to study Rubella diseases.
-- So what .. It is not providing reason why researcher's claim is not weakened .. out
(D) Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis takes several decades to develop.
-- Yes.. If Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis takes several decades to develop, then even if there is no evidence now .. the conclusion from researchers is still valid.. Correct choice ..
(E) Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis was less common in 1980 than it is now.
-- So what .. It is not providing reason why researcher's claim is not weakened .. out
