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16 Nov 2020, 05:08
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E
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
15%
(low)
Question Stats:
82% (01:19) correct
18%
(01:49)
wrong
based on 226
sessions
History
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Time
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John: For 40 years, fluoride has been added to public drinking water. According to a study, fluoridated public drinking water when given to laboratory rats causes bone cancer. Ninety percent of all the male rats in the test sample were affected, but the female rats were unaffected. Even though I am healthy now, I should nevertheless stop drinking fluoridated water; only then will I be sure not to develop bone cancer.
Which one of the following is the strongest criticism of John’s reasoning?
(A) John does not consider how others besides himself are affected by fluoridation of water.
(B) John does not consider whether fluoridated water causes other diseases.
(C) John does not consider whether there were any brief periods during the 40 years in which fluoride was not added to the water.
(D) John does not focus on the positive effects that fluoridated water has on people.
(E) John does not consider the possibility of other causes of bone cancer
Which one of the following is the strongest criticism of John’s reasoning?
(A) John does not consider how others besides himself are affected by fluoridation of water.
(B) John does not consider whether fluoridated water causes other diseases.
(C) John does not consider whether there were any brief periods during the 40 years in which fluoride was not added to the water.
(D) John does not focus on the positive effects that fluoridated water has on people.
(E) John does not consider the possibility of other causes of bone cancer
John: For 40 years, fluoride has been added to public drinking water. According to a study, fluoridated public drinking water when given to laboratory rats causes bone cancer. Ninety percent of all the male rats in the test sample were affected, but the female rats were unaffected. Even though I am healthy now, I should nevertheless stop drinking fluoridated water; only then will I be sure not to develop bone cancer.
John concludes that if he stops drinking fluoridated water , he is "sure" not to develop bone cancer
premise : fluoridated water -> bone cancer
conclusion : no fluoridated water -> no bone cancer
This conclusion is flawed because something else can also cause bone cancer (not only fluoridated water as assumed by john)
Which one of the following is the strongest criticism of John’s reasoning?
(A) John does not consider how others besides himself are affected by fluoridation of water. - IRRELEVANT
(B) John does not consider whether fluoridated water causes other diseases. IRRELEVANT
(C) John does not consider whether there were any brief periods during the 40 years in which fluoride was not added to the water. - ARGUMENT TALKS ABOUT A FUTURE SITUATION
(D) John does not focus on the positive effects that fluoridated water has on people. - OUT OF SCOPE
(E) John does not consider the possibility of other causes of bone cancer - CORRECT
IMO E
John concludes that if he stops drinking fluoridated water , he is "sure" not to develop bone cancer
premise : fluoridated water -> bone cancer
conclusion : no fluoridated water -> no bone cancer
This conclusion is flawed because something else can also cause bone cancer (not only fluoridated water as assumed by john)
Which one of the following is the strongest criticism of John’s reasoning?
(A) John does not consider how others besides himself are affected by fluoridation of water. - IRRELEVANT
(B) John does not consider whether fluoridated water causes other diseases. IRRELEVANT
(C) John does not consider whether there were any brief periods during the 40 years in which fluoride was not added to the water. - ARGUMENT TALKS ABOUT A FUTURE SITUATION
(D) John does not focus on the positive effects that fluoridated water has on people. - OUT OF SCOPE
(E) John does not consider the possibility of other causes of bone cancer - CORRECT
IMO E
18 Nov 2020, 04:20
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John: For 40 years, fluoride has been added to public drinking water. According to a study, fluoridated public drinking water when given to laboratory rats causes bone cancer. Ninety percent of all the male rats in the test sample were affected, but the female rats were unaffected. Even though I am healthy now, I should nevertheless stop drinking fluoridated water; only then will I be sure not to develop bone cancer.
Which one of the following is the strongest criticism of John’s reasoning?
(A) John does not consider how others besides himself are affected by fluoridation of water. Incorrect
others are irrelevant
(B) John does not consider whether fluoridated water causes other diseases. Correct
(C) John does not consider whether there were any brief periods during the 40 years in which fluoride was not added to the water. Irrelevant
(D) John does not focus on the positive effects that fluoridated water has on people. Incorrect
jhon perception to fluoridated water is positive
(E) John does not consider the possibility of other causes of bone cancer Incorrect
thats why he doesnt want to stop drinking fluoridated water
Which one of the following is the strongest criticism of John’s reasoning?
(A) John does not consider how others besides himself are affected by fluoridation of water. Incorrect
others are irrelevant
(B) John does not consider whether fluoridated water causes other diseases. Correct
(C) John does not consider whether there were any brief periods during the 40 years in which fluoride was not added to the water. Irrelevant
(D) John does not focus on the positive effects that fluoridated water has on people. Incorrect
jhon perception to fluoridated water is positive
(E) John does not consider the possibility of other causes of bone cancer Incorrect
thats why he doesnt want to stop drinking fluoridated water
