The average age of chairpersons in a large sample of departments at Delhi University is 55. The average age of chairpersons in those same departments 20 years ago was approximately ten years younger. On the basis of such data, it can be concluded that chairpersons in general tend to be older now.
Which of the following casts the most doubt on the conclusion drawn above?
Currently avg age = 55
Twenty years ago avg age = 45
Seems reasonable to say avg is older now. However, the conclusion asks us to say this of 'chairpersons in general' whereas we only have information on a selection of a particular sample of departments at a particular university.
A. The dates when the chairpersons assumed their current positions have not been specified.
-> The date they assumed their roles makes no difference on their ages. We are comparing two snap shots in time to each other (now and 20 years ago).
B. No information is given concerning the average number of years that chairpersons remain in office.
-> Same idea as above. The only relevant detail is the difference in average age in the segment we are comparing at two different times.
C. The information is based only on departments that have been operating for at least 20 years.
-> Bingo. It's possible that the newer departments have a younger age on average than the departments measured in this study. If there's lots of new departments where the chairperson average age is 30 for example, then the average chairperson of all departments could be younger than it used to be.
Alternatively it's worth noting we only have info on the departments in the sample, but are to make a conclusion about 'all chairpeople'. It's possible that the departments not included in the sample had on average a lot older population (70 average age or something). If this changed (the non sampled departments were mostly replaced with young blood) in the twenty years in between, it may be the case that the average age of all chairpeople decreased over that time period even though the sample wouldn't capture it.
The main issue is that we are drawing a conclusion about a broader group than the sample (which wasn't even confirmed as being a representative sample), based on the change in the sample group. There's all sorts of ways the sample could changes in ways different from the broader group.
D. Only approximate information is given concerning the average age of the chairperson's 20 years ago.
-> We're only looking for an approximate answer (older) so this doesn't really matter. If the chairpeople are on average 10 years older now, that's definitely enough info to say they're on average older.
E. Information concerning the exact number of departments in the sample has not been given.
-> Not relevant. If 'large sample' means 10 or if it means 50 it doesn't make much difference to the validity of the conclusion without having other info to judge it against.