The conclusion is of the form If X, then Y.
where X =
any of the government’s current restrictions are removedY =
overall expenditure on government contractors will be significantly lower than if the state retains its current restrictionsA. Recently, some other government restrictions that had limited the lobbying activities of government contractors were removed by the state.
Incorrect, this doesn't throw any light on the relationship between X and Y ,it just says what happened on X front.
B. It is unlikely that the government will remove all of the restrictions that apply solely to lobbying activities of government contractors.
Incorrect, this just talks about the likelihood of X rather than talking about the relationship between X and Y.
C. Most government contractors who lobby officials directly to receive a project do not charge less for that project.
Incorrect, the conclusion is about the scenario when there are
changes in government's restrictions, it is not about a one point in time, hence, this option doesn't help us much.
D. Most government contractors who currently limit campaign contributions to a certain limit would do so even if such a restriction were not in place.
Correct, this directly casts a doubt on the relationship between X and Y. Even when restrictions change, there is no change in behavior of most contractors so weakens the conclusion that expenditure will change.
E. Government contractors who do not lobby officials directly provide services of the same quality as those provided by the contractors who do lobby officials directly.
Incorrect, the conclusion is not
quality, it is about
expenditure.