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Bunuel
A math teacher assigns a distinct prime number, starting with the lowest, for each student in her class. If she chooses two students at random, the probability the sum of their numbers is not even is less than 1/10. What is the fewest possible number of students in her class?

(A) 19
(B) 20
(C) 21
(D) 71
(E) 73

Let the assignment be for 2 students then 2, 3 probability of even sum (odd+odd is required) is 0 (2 is compulsory, rest all prime numbers are odd)
Let the assignment be for 3 students then 2, 3, 5 probability of even sum is 1/3
Let the assignment be for 4 students then 2,3,5,7 probability of even sum is 1/2
Let the assignment be for 5 students then 2,3,5,7,11 probability of even sum is 6/10
Now we know
(n-1)C2/nC2 = Probability of sum even
for n = 19
18C2/19C2 = 9*17/19*9 = 17/19 not even will be 2/19
for n=20
19*9/19*10 = 9/10 not even will be 1/10
for n=21
10*19/21*10 = 19/21 not even will be 2/21
for n=71
35*69/35*71 = 69/71 not even will be 2/71
for n = 73
72C2/73C2 = 71/73 not even will be 2/73

Fewest will be 21
Option C
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why to worry with such formulas

1. The prob of random 2 selection has to be odd , which means 2 will be a number in same. The number od distinct numbers == number of students
2. Next order matters, at random pick even+odd = odd or pick odd+even = odd.
3. So, if the prob of one round will be considering option B . 1/20+19/19 == 1/20 , now considering step 02 the actual prob becomes 2/20 == 1/10.
4. The only next option that seems to be less than 1/10 is option C i.e 1/21
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its an easy question
The only way sum of two primes can be odd is when 2 is one of the primes. Every other prime is even(odd + odd)
assume x students are there in class
ways of choosing - 2 and another student = xC1
ways of choosing any two students = x+1C2
probability is xC1/x+1C2 <1/10
Solve - X>19
so x>=20 and hence number of students >=21(including the 2)
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Hello!,
So, if we calculate the probability as 2! * (1/x) * (x-1)/ (x-1) = 2/ x < 1/10 which leads to x> 20.
Is this a correct way?
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