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Updated on: 04 Apr 2025, 12:41
Originally posted by Sajjad1994 on 25 Sep 2020, 04:00.
Last edited by Bunuel on 04 Apr 2025, 12:41, edited 6 times in total.
Last edited by Bunuel on 04 Apr 2025, 12:41, edited 6 times in total.
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In the 1920s and 1930s, some of the most famous chain restaurants—Horn & Hardart, Howard Johnson’s, A&W Root Beer, Bob’s Big Boy, Dairy Queen, White Castle, and Marriott Hot Shoppes among them—appeared in urban areas as walk-up lunch rooms, cafeterias, and hamburger stands. The earliest of these chains focused on urban working populations. However, as suburban expansion and leisure road travel began to increase around midcentury, most chains altered their designs to accommodate parking and drive-in services. New chains appeared specifically to lure automobile-based customers. And as chains moved into suburban settings, the notion of eating out for fun rather than as a worktime concession gained traction, fully exploiting the potential for increased sales that could come from turning eating out into entertainment.
The expansion in the 1950s of chains—spurred by the franchise model developed by Howard Johnson in the 1930s and used so successfully by McDonald’s, Kentucky Fried Chicken, Domino’s, Long John Silver’s, Burger King, and Sonic, among others—established the familiar national landscape of easy-access, low-cost, quickly served, and predictable food. The franchise model was a variation on the earlier centralized chain system that solved the problem of effective central management across widely dispersed locations. Individual owners were licensed to operate local restaurants using the chain’s common building design, food, and delivery theme under contracts that specified quality and consistency.
The expansion in the 1950s of chains—spurred by the franchise model developed by Howard Johnson in the 1930s and used so successfully by McDonald’s, Kentucky Fried Chicken, Domino’s, Long John Silver’s, Burger King, and Sonic, among others—established the familiar national landscape of easy-access, low-cost, quickly served, and predictable food. The franchise model was a variation on the earlier centralized chain system that solved the problem of effective central management across widely dispersed locations. Individual owners were licensed to operate local restaurants using the chain’s common building design, food, and delivery theme under contracts that specified quality and consistency.
Chain restaurant expansion in the United States continued throughout the 20th century.: Supported
New franchised restaurant brands were regularly founded throughout the 20th century.: Not Supported
Accommodating the automobile was a primary driver of restaurant franchise growth in the 20th century.: Not Supported
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
95%
(hard)
Question Stats:
46% (03:24) correct
54%
(03:30)
wrong
based on 213
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
1. For each of the following, select Supported if the statement listed is one that can be properly inferred from the information in each of the three tabs. Otherwise, select Not supported.
| Supported | Not Supported | |
| Chain restaurant expansion in the United States continued throughout the 20th century. | ||
| New franchised restaurant brands were regularly founded throughout the 20th century. | ||
| Accommodating the automobile was a primary driver of restaurant franchise growth in the 20th century. |
ShowHide Answer
Official Answer
Chain restaurant expansion in the United States continued throughout the 20th century.: Supported
New franchised restaurant brands were regularly founded throughout the 20th century.: Not Supported
Accommodating the automobile was a primary driver of restaurant franchise growth in the 20th century.: Not Supported
Early chain restaurants frequently sought to improve efficiencies by focusing on serving a single meal during the day.: No
By the mid-1980s, there were more than 100,000 fast food restaurants in the United States.: Yes
Restaurant franchisees are required to conform to certain specifications regarding service and aesthetics.: Yes
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
55%
(hard)
Question Stats:
64% (01:31) correct
36%
(01:30)
wrong
based on 247
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
2. For each of the following, select Yes if it is a statement that can be reasonably inferred from the information in tabs 1 and 2. Otherwise, select No.
| Yes | No | |
| Early chain restaurants frequently sought to improve efficiencies by focusing on serving a single meal during the day. | ||
| By the mid-1980s, there were more than 100,000 fast food restaurants in the United States. | ||
| Restaurant franchisees are required to conform to certain specifications regarding service and aesthetics. |
ShowHide Answer
Official Answer
Early chain restaurants frequently sought to improve efficiencies by focusing on serving a single meal during the day.: No
By the mid-1980s, there were more than 100,000 fast food restaurants in the United States.: Yes
Restaurant franchisees are required to conform to certain specifications regarding service and aesthetics.: Yes
Consideration of eating away from home as a recreational activity.: Affected
Target audience expansion.: Affected
Reclassification of dining out as a secondary activity.: No discernible effect
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
55%
(hard)
Question Stats:
67% (01:15) correct
33%
(01:16)
wrong
based on 244
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
3. In considering variables driving the increase in consumption of food away from home in the United States during the past 100 years, select Affected if the statement listed is one that, from the information in multiple tabs, could reasonably be said to have caused an increase in food away from home consumption. Otherwise, select No discernible effect.
| Affected | No discernible effect | |
| Consideration of eating away from home as a recreational activity. | ||
| Target audience expansion. | ||
| Reclassification of dining out as a secondary activity. |
ShowHide Answer
Official Answer
Consideration of eating away from home as a recreational activity.: Affected
Target audience expansion.: Affected
Reclassification of dining out as a secondary activity.: No discernible effect
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18 Jul 2022, 12:43
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Where can I find official answers?
Here are mine:
Q1:
No Supported- Chain restaurant expansion in the United States continued throughout the 20th century.
Tab 1: expansion to suburbs started in mid-century.So the expansion is NOT "throughout the 20th century"
Supported- New franchised restaurant brands were regularly founded throughout the 20th century.
Tab1: the mentioned names "appeared in urban areas as ..."
Not Supported- Accommodating the automobile was a primary driver of restaurant franchise growth in the 20th century.
I don't think "lure automobile-based customers" = accommodating the automobiles?
Q2:
No- Early chain restaurants frequently sought to improve efficiencies by focusing on serving a single meal during the day.
"The earliest of these chains focused on urban working populations." It's not necessarily one single meal (could be lunch and dinner).
Yes- By the mid-1980s, there were more than 100,000 fast food restaurants in the United States.
"The network of restaurants across the United States grew slowly into the 1960s, from 127,000 restaurants in 1954 to 135,000 in 1967, and then rapidly increased by more than 100 percent by the mid-1980s."
Yes- Restaurant franchisees are required to conform to certain specifications regarding service and aesthetics.
"licensed to operate local restaurants using the chain’s common building design, food, and delivery theme under contracts that specified quality and consistency."
Q3:
Affected- Consideration of eating away from home as a recreational activity
it says "as chains moved into suburban settings, the notion of eating out for fun rather than as a worktime concession gained traction".
I thought the early expansion to suburban caused the "notion of eating out for fun", but if we look at the past 100 years, there is a lingering effect.
Affected- Target audience expansion
Targeting automobile-based customers.
No-effect: Reclassification of dining out as a secondary activity
Dining out is not reclassified but rather existed as a secondary activity in certain outlets.
Here are mine:
Q1:
No Supported- Chain restaurant expansion in the United States continued throughout the 20th century.
Tab 1: expansion to suburbs started in mid-century.So the expansion is NOT "throughout the 20th century"
Supported- New franchised restaurant brands were regularly founded throughout the 20th century.
Tab1: the mentioned names "appeared in urban areas as ..."
Not Supported- Accommodating the automobile was a primary driver of restaurant franchise growth in the 20th century.
I don't think "lure automobile-based customers" = accommodating the automobiles?
Q2:
No- Early chain restaurants frequently sought to improve efficiencies by focusing on serving a single meal during the day.
"The earliest of these chains focused on urban working populations." It's not necessarily one single meal (could be lunch and dinner).
Yes- By the mid-1980s, there were more than 100,000 fast food restaurants in the United States.
"The network of restaurants across the United States grew slowly into the 1960s, from 127,000 restaurants in 1954 to 135,000 in 1967, and then rapidly increased by more than 100 percent by the mid-1980s."
Yes- Restaurant franchisees are required to conform to certain specifications regarding service and aesthetics.
"licensed to operate local restaurants using the chain’s common building design, food, and delivery theme under contracts that specified quality and consistency."
Q3:
Affected- Consideration of eating away from home as a recreational activity
it says "as chains moved into suburban settings, the notion of eating out for fun rather than as a worktime concession gained traction".
I thought the early expansion to suburban caused the "notion of eating out for fun", but if we look at the past 100 years, there is a lingering effect.
Affected- Target audience expansion
Targeting automobile-based customers.
No-effect: Reclassification of dining out as a secondary activity
Dining out is not reclassified but rather existed as a secondary activity in certain outlets.
