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04 May 2022, 07:30
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Question 1
D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
45%
(medium)
Question Stats:
60% (02:44) correct
40%
(02:24) wrong
based on 164
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 2
B
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
95%
(hard)
Question Stats:
29% (01:36) correct 71%
(01:31) wrong
based on 147
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 3
E
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
35%
(medium)
Question Stats:
64% (01:16) correct 36%
(01:19) wrong
based on 144
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 4
E
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
15%
(low)
Question Stats:
77% (00:37) correct 23%
(00:38) wrong
based on 138
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
When Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in 1675 first discovered bacteria, he thought they were animals. Indeed, under a microscope, many of them bear a close resemblance to those minute worms found in vinegar that are known as “vinegar-eels.” The idea that they belonged to the animal kingdom continued to hold ground until after the middle of the 19th century; but with the improvement in microscopes, a more thorough study became possible, and they were classified as vegetable. Now scientists classify them as neither plant nor animal, but as prokaryotes, single-cell organisms with no internal structures.
So far as structure is concerned, the bacteria stand on the lowest plane of life. The single individual is but a single cell composed of a protoplasmic body, which is surrounded by a thin membrane that separates it from neighboring cells that are alike in form and size.
In size, the bacteria are among the smallest organisms that are known to exist. Relatively, there is considerable difference in size between the different species, yet in absolute amount, this is so slight as to require the highest powers of the microscope to detect it. Bacteria are measured in units called micrometers, usually called microns. The average size of bacteria is one micron. One millimeter is equal to 1,000 microns; 25,000 microns make up 1 inch. It is difficult to comprehend such minute measurements, but if a hundred individual bacteria could be placed side by side, their total thickness would not equal that of a single sheet of paper. Each cell has a large surface area–to–volume ratio, and this determines how fast substances can enter and leave. Nutrients can enter, and wastes can leave these tiny cells very rapidly.
Bacteria are often divided into aerobic bacteria, which require oxygen to live, and anaerobic bacteria, which die when exposed to oxygen. Bacterial infections are often caused by toxins released by bacteria. Antibiotics have been used to fight bacterial infections, but some disease-causing organisms have become resistant to drug therapy. Because they are adaptable, bacteria have developed ways to resist the effects of antibiotics. Adding to the problem, the public has a tendency to overuse these drugs and pressure physicians into over-prescribing them.
So far as structure is concerned, the bacteria stand on the lowest plane of life. The single individual is but a single cell composed of a protoplasmic body, which is surrounded by a thin membrane that separates it from neighboring cells that are alike in form and size.
In size, the bacteria are among the smallest organisms that are known to exist. Relatively, there is considerable difference in size between the different species, yet in absolute amount, this is so slight as to require the highest powers of the microscope to detect it. Bacteria are measured in units called micrometers, usually called microns. The average size of bacteria is one micron. One millimeter is equal to 1,000 microns; 25,000 microns make up 1 inch. It is difficult to comprehend such minute measurements, but if a hundred individual bacteria could be placed side by side, their total thickness would not equal that of a single sheet of paper. Each cell has a large surface area–to–volume ratio, and this determines how fast substances can enter and leave. Nutrients can enter, and wastes can leave these tiny cells very rapidly.
Bacteria are often divided into aerobic bacteria, which require oxygen to live, and anaerobic bacteria, which die when exposed to oxygen. Bacterial infections are often caused by toxins released by bacteria. Antibiotics have been used to fight bacterial infections, but some disease-causing organisms have become resistant to drug therapy. Because they are adaptable, bacteria have developed ways to resist the effects of antibiotics. Adding to the problem, the public has a tendency to overuse these drugs and pressure physicians into over-prescribing them.
1. Which of the following characteristics of bacteria are discussed in the passage?
A. Thickness of the cell wall and reproductive processes
B. Vegetative properties of bacteria and structure of the nuclei
C. The variety of internal structures and the history of the discovery of bacteria
D. Surface area–to–volume ratio and cell size
E. Drug-resistant adaptations and locomotive structures
A. Thickness of the cell wall and reproductive processes
B. Vegetative properties of bacteria and structure of the nuclei
C. The variety of internal structures and the history of the discovery of bacteria
D. Surface area–to–volume ratio and cell size
E. Drug-resistant adaptations and locomotive structures
2. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. The author extrapolates from Antonie van Leeuwenhoek’s findings that prokaryotes have characteristics of both plant and animal cells.
B. If scientists can discover a method of sealing prokaryotic cell membranes to make them impermeable, antibiotic use can be reduced.
C. Since bacteria range in size from 0.5 millimeter to 1 millimeter, most are not visible to the naked eye.
D. The larger the surface area–to–volume ratio of an organism, the less permeable the membrane.
E. The nucleus of the bacteria cell is a membrane-enclosed organelle that acts as the control center for cell functions.
A. The author extrapolates from Antonie van Leeuwenhoek’s findings that prokaryotes have characteristics of both plant and animal cells.
B. If scientists can discover a method of sealing prokaryotic cell membranes to make them impermeable, antibiotic use can be reduced.
C. Since bacteria range in size from 0.5 millimeter to 1 millimeter, most are not visible to the naked eye.
D. The larger the surface area–to–volume ratio of an organism, the less permeable the membrane.
E. The nucleus of the bacteria cell is a membrane-enclosed organelle that acts as the control center for cell functions.
3. All of the following are true according to the information in the passage except:
A. The development of drug-resistant bacteria is a corollary of overprescribing antibiotic drugs to treat illnesses that may or may not be bacterial infections.
B. Structural differences between plant cells and animal cells led biologists to create a new classification for single-cell organisms.
C. The development of high-powered microscopes uncovered sub-cellular disclosures that spawned a revision of prior classifications.
D. The environment that is conducive to the growth of one type of bacteria may cause the death of others.
E. Prokaryotes evolved from protoorganisms that had well-formed nuclei and discrete internal structures.
A. The development of drug-resistant bacteria is a corollary of overprescribing antibiotic drugs to treat illnesses that may or may not be bacterial infections.
B. Structural differences between plant cells and animal cells led biologists to create a new classification for single-cell organisms.
C. The development of high-powered microscopes uncovered sub-cellular disclosures that spawned a revision of prior classifications.
D. The environment that is conducive to the growth of one type of bacteria may cause the death of others.
E. Prokaryotes evolved from protoorganisms that had well-formed nuclei and discrete internal structures.
4. The main purpose of this passage is to
A. trace the history of bacteria from primeval times to modern-day mutations.
B. ridicule the fallacious thinking that led early scientists to misclassify single-cell organisms.
C. discuss a plan for the investigation of the role bacteria play in causing infections.
D. challenge a popular theory about the evolution of prokaryotes.
E. present an overview from original misconception to modern understanding.
A. trace the history of bacteria from primeval times to modern-day mutations.
B. ridicule the fallacious thinking that led early scientists to misclassify single-cell organisms.
C. discuss a plan for the investigation of the role bacteria play in causing infections.
D. challenge a popular theory about the evolution of prokaryotes.
E. present an overview from original misconception to modern understanding.
RC Butler 2022 - Practice Two RC Passages Everyday.
Passage # 180 Date: 04-May-2022
This question is a part of RC Butler 2022. Click here for Details
Passage # 180 Date: 04-May-2022
This question is a part of RC Butler 2022. Click here for Details
Source: Cliffs Test Prep.
06 May 2022, 00:38
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1. Which of the following characteristics of bacteria are discussed in the passage?
IMO D
Highlighted in red cannot be inferred from the passage.
A. Thickness of the cell wall and reproductive processes
B. Vegetative properties of bacteria and structure of the nuclei
C. The variety of internal structures and the history of the discovery of bacteria
D. Surface area–to–volume ratio and cell size
Following references from the passage -
Correct ! The single individual is but a single cell composed of a protoplasmic body.
The average size of bacteria is one micron.
Each cell has a large surface area–to–volume ratio, and this determines how fast substances can enter and leave
E. Drug-resistant adaptations and locomotive structures
2. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
IMO B
A. The author extrapolates from Antonie van Leeuwenhoek’s findings that prokaryotes have characteristics of both plant and animal cells.
Wrong. The passage mentions - Now scientists classify them as neither plant nor animal, but as prokaryotes, single-cell organisms with no internal structures
B. If scientists can discover a method of sealing prokaryotic cell membranes to make them impermeable, antibiotic use can be reduced.
Given in the last passage that Bacterial infections are often caused by toxins released by bacteria. If the membranes can be made impermeable then the antibiotic use can be reduced.
C. Since bacteria range in size from 0.5 millimeter to 1 millimeter, most are not visible to the naked eye.
The lower range is not mentioned in the passage.
D. The larger the surface area–to–volume ratio of an organism, the less permeable the membrane.
Opposite to what is mentioned in the passage.
It is mentioned in the passage that each cell has a large surface area to volume ratio and that the Nutrients can enter, and wastes can leave these tiny cells very rapidly., the relationship makes the membrane more permeable for a larger ratio.
E. The nucleus of the bacteria cell is a membrane-enclosed organelle that acts as the control center for cell functions.
No info given on the nucleus or its function as a control center.
3. All of the following are true according to the information in the passage except:
IMO E
A. The development of drug-resistant bacteria is a corollary of overprescribing antibiotic drugs to treat illnesses that may or may not be bacterial infections.
Given in the last para. Because they are adaptable, bacteria have developed ways to resist the effects of antibiotics.
B. Structural differences between plant cells and animal cells led biologists to create a new classification for single-cell organisms.
Can be inferred from the last line of the first para.
Now scientists classify them as neither plant nor animal, but as prokaryotes, single-cell organisms with no internal structures.
C. The development of high-powered microscopes uncovered sub-cellular disclosures that spawned a revision of prior classifications.
First Para: but with the improvement in microscopes, a more thorough study became possible, and they were classified as vegetable.
D. The environment that is conducive to the growth of one type of bacteria may cause the death of others.
Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria mentioned in the last passage
E. Prokaryotes evolved from protoorganisms that had well-formed nuclei and discrete internal structures.
Correct !What we know is that the Prokaryotes are single-cell organisms with no internal structures, and thus we don't know about protoorganism nuclei structures.
4. The main purpose of this passage is to
IMO E. The passage gives an overview about the origin of the bacteria, structure and size, occurrence in different environment, drug resistant bacteria and the use of antibiotics.
A. trace the history of bacteria from primeval times to modern-day mutations.
Two catchy things - 1)Trace the history (a little mentioned in the first para but not the main idea) 2) Modern day mutations (No mention of any other modern day mutations)
B. ridicule the fallacious thinking that led early scientists to misclassify single-cell organisms.
Not just disapproving the thinking of early scientists is the primary purpose of the passage.
C. discuss a plan for the investigation of the role bacteria play in causing infections.
No mention of the Investigation. The passage has a neutral tone in the last para.
D. challenge a popular theory about the evolution of prokaryotes.
The passage doesn't challenge any theory.
E. present an overview from original misconception to modern understanding.
Correct. From original misconception on the classification to the modern outlook on the bacteria is present in the passage.
IMO D
Highlighted in red cannot be inferred from the passage.
A. Thickness of the cell wall and reproductive processes
B. Vegetative properties of bacteria and structure of the nuclei
C. The variety of internal structures and the history of the discovery of bacteria
D. Surface area–to–volume ratio and cell size
Following references from the passage -
Correct ! The single individual is but a single cell composed of a protoplasmic body.
The average size of bacteria is one micron.
Each cell has a large surface area–to–volume ratio, and this determines how fast substances can enter and leave
E. Drug-resistant adaptations and locomotive structures
2. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
IMO B
A. The author extrapolates from Antonie van Leeuwenhoek’s findings that prokaryotes have characteristics of both plant and animal cells.
Wrong. The passage mentions - Now scientists classify them as neither plant nor animal, but as prokaryotes, single-cell organisms with no internal structures
B. If scientists can discover a method of sealing prokaryotic cell membranes to make them impermeable, antibiotic use can be reduced.
Given in the last passage that Bacterial infections are often caused by toxins released by bacteria. If the membranes can be made impermeable then the antibiotic use can be reduced.
C. Since bacteria range in size from 0.5 millimeter to 1 millimeter, most are not visible to the naked eye.
The lower range is not mentioned in the passage.
D. The larger the surface area–to–volume ratio of an organism, the less permeable the membrane.
Opposite to what is mentioned in the passage.
It is mentioned in the passage that each cell has a large surface area to volume ratio and that the Nutrients can enter, and wastes can leave these tiny cells very rapidly., the relationship makes the membrane more permeable for a larger ratio.
E. The nucleus of the bacteria cell is a membrane-enclosed organelle that acts as the control center for cell functions.
No info given on the nucleus or its function as a control center.
3. All of the following are true according to the information in the passage except:
IMO E
A. The development of drug-resistant bacteria is a corollary of overprescribing antibiotic drugs to treat illnesses that may or may not be bacterial infections.
Given in the last para. Because they are adaptable, bacteria have developed ways to resist the effects of antibiotics.
B. Structural differences between plant cells and animal cells led biologists to create a new classification for single-cell organisms.
Can be inferred from the last line of the first para.
Now scientists classify them as neither plant nor animal, but as prokaryotes, single-cell organisms with no internal structures.
C. The development of high-powered microscopes uncovered sub-cellular disclosures that spawned a revision of prior classifications.
First Para: but with the improvement in microscopes, a more thorough study became possible, and they were classified as vegetable.
D. The environment that is conducive to the growth of one type of bacteria may cause the death of others.
Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria mentioned in the last passage
E. Prokaryotes evolved from protoorganisms that had well-formed nuclei and discrete internal structures.
Correct !What we know is that the Prokaryotes are single-cell organisms with no internal structures, and thus we don't know about protoorganism nuclei structures.
4. The main purpose of this passage is to
IMO E. The passage gives an overview about the origin of the bacteria, structure and size, occurrence in different environment, drug resistant bacteria and the use of antibiotics.
A. trace the history of bacteria from primeval times to modern-day mutations.
Two catchy things - 1)Trace the history (a little mentioned in the first para but not the main idea) 2) Modern day mutations (No mention of any other modern day mutations)
B. ridicule the fallacious thinking that led early scientists to misclassify single-cell organisms.
Not just disapproving the thinking of early scientists is the primary purpose of the passage.
C. discuss a plan for the investigation of the role bacteria play in causing infections.
No mention of the Investigation. The passage has a neutral tone in the last para.
D. challenge a popular theory about the evolution of prokaryotes.
The passage doesn't challenge any theory.
E. present an overview from original misconception to modern understanding.
Correct. From original misconception on the classification to the modern outlook on the bacteria is present in the passage.
18 Jun 2024, 13:52
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