Passage map: Urban migration effects on women
P1: To state a problem but caveat that problem: women's status has been affected by urban migration positively in relation to men, but its a win-lose situation
P2: To explain the caveats of this problem - forgone advantages
P3: To argue that the overall status of lower-socio economic women is hurt by urban migration
Q1 - Inference"the effects of migration are more complex than these theorists presume" -- an example of the type of complexity is given "for example, effects vary..." and then a specific culture is referenced in support of this complexity - Brazil.
A - is incorrect because the theorists simply think migration is overall negative, but we know its a little bit more "complex" meaning there are likely some positives
B - No. The example is provided in support of the statements and the statements don't mention anything about failure to improve.
C - Correct. The examples are given to further explain the 'complexity'
D - No. The overall para discusses one effect and the examples are only given in support of earlier statements
E - No comparison is made.
Q2 - Main IdeaA - no way this is the main idea. The opinions of women aren't even taken in the passage.
B - It hasn't weakened the support systems, they just haven't had as much of the support. Trigger word here is "weaken"
C - Yes. There are a lot of negatives, but some positives to urban migration. P1 mentions this, P2 explains the caveats, P3 argues the overall negativity of migration.
D - We don't know about the relatively greater job opps of women in relation to Men
E - We don't know how much better off if at all the higher socio-eco women are in relation to lower. Incorrect
Q3 - DetailA - Incorrect because the only thing mentioned about LT employment is that LA women actively seek it for greater support. No mention of the difficulty.
B - Correct. Last sentence of P2 mentions that it is difficult "for them to organise to improve their economic conditions" - economic conditions are improved by earning more money i.e. "better wages"
C - Similar to A - no mention of the difficulty of actually finding the more supportive employers
D - Incorrect as we aren't able to substantiate the affects of the structure of women's jobs.
E - Incorrect - not supported at all by the passage.
Q4 - Detail InferenceThe author's opinion is given in the last para (P3).
A - is incorrect as it is the opposite of the opinion. "urban migration has not provided eco prosperity or upward mobility for women.."
B - This isn't supported. All we know is LA women value their networks, but we don't know how much LA women's opinions are influenced by such networks.
C - This is correct. The author concludes that "urban migration has not provided economic prosperity... etc. " overall, but before he does this he mentions some enjoy positives - access to electricity and water - and OTHERS cant stand the negatives - overcrowding/ crime-so it is clear that the importance placed on each positive/ negative varies depending on the LA women's circumstances, leading us to conclude that the LA women place differing levels of importance on positives/negatives otherwise there would be a general consensus on whether to stay/ leave
D - Incorrect, we don't really know much about the migration of higher socioeconomic classes
E - Incorrect, similar to D we don't know a lot about the migration of men.
Q5 - Detail InferenceRefer to the last sentence of P3
The author states
"urban migration has not provided economic prosperity or upward mobility for women in the lowest socioeconomic class, despite their intelligent and energetic utilization of the resources available to them"So he would disagree with the statement in the stem, clearly.
A - correct
B - He would disagree, but there are no specific case studies. The passage describes overall trends.
C - No. He would disagree
D - No. He would disagree
E - Worse than D. He would disagree.
Q6 - Detail InferenceP1 clearly states:
"social science theorists have continued to argue that urban migration has unequivocally hurt women’s status"A - This is correct as it essentially repeats what is stated.
B - is incorrect because it is the opposite of what is stated
C - women's status IS affected. Wrong
D - No. We just know that women's status is decreased. We only know that the effects of migration vary in relation to men
E - We know nothing of the marketability of women's job skills. Incorrect.
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