Thoughtosphere
10% of a 50% alcohol solution is replaced with water. From the resulting solution, again 10% is replaced with water. This step is repeated once more. What is the concentration of alcohol in the final solution obtained?
(A) 3%
(B) 20%
(C) 25%
(D) 36%
(E) 40%
The quick answer is: (50%)(0.9)(0.9)(0.9). Here's why:
To set this up, imagine that you have 100 ml of solution, and imagine that the alcohol and the water are separated. So, you have 50 ml of water and 50 ml of alcohol.
When you remove 10% of the solution, you're removing 10% of the water and 10% of the alcohol. So, you're removing 5 ml of water and 5 ml of alcohol, to get 45 ml of water and 45 ml of alcohol remaining. From here, you'll add 10ml of water.
IMPORTANT #1: Each time we remove 10 ml of solution and replace it with 10 ml of water, the resulting solution is 100 ml.
IMPORTANT #2: All we need to do is keep track of the alcohol each time. Also notice that removing 10% of the alcohol is the same as leaving 90%.
So, we begin with 50 ml of alcohol.
Step 1: Remove 10% (i.e., keep 90%)
This leaves us with (50)(0.9) ml of alcohol
Step 2: Remove 10%
This leaves us with (50)(0.9)(0.9) ml of alcohol
Step 3: Remove 10%
This leaves us with (50)(0.9)(0.9)(0.9) ml of alcohol
(50)(0.9)(0.9)(0.9) equals approximately 36 ml.
So, our final mixture has a volume of 100 ml of which approximately 36 ml are alcohol. So, the concentration of alcohol is approximately 36%
Answer: D
Cheers,
Brent
I followed your way in the in the beginning of the example but it gave me different answer. Please comment on my way.
Start with 100 ml. Remover 10%........> result in 45 W & 45 A.......> then add 10% water=10 ml Water.........> result in 55 W & 45 A= 100 ml
Remove 10%.......................................> result in 50 W & 40 A........> then add 10 ml water...........................> result in 60 W & 40 A= 100 ml
Remove 10%.......................................> result in 55 W & 35 A.........> then add 10 ml water...........................> result in 65 W & 35 A= 100 ml
The final concentration is 35/100= 35%. I know it close to Answer 36 but why is it difference than the answer of the way you used above? is there is any mistake?