Long convoluted, boring paragraphs like these are very GMAT-coded in how they are meant to challenge your ability to focus despite all this and still derive key information.
It helps to simplify things: With polar ice caps melting due to global warming, policymakers suggest, let's take advantage for the increase in Arctic (polar region) ship routes - by investing in maritime infrastructure, like ice-hardened ports and specialized vessels. How will this help? Strategically. Areas like Suez Canal are major chokepoints that can be helped by easing things, among other trade logistics bottlenecks that can also be helped. Next, we have a policy analysis to back this strategic advantage.
The report's conclusion then - given how southern sea lanes - like the Suez Canal, and other elements - are being overburdened and disrupted, this Arctic developed is key for long-term stability in long-distance shipping.
^Sure, I've added a few key words here and there, but as long as one can disregard their weight in picking answers, this explanation should help.
We need to find the
assumption the argument depends on.A. Arctic see routes will offer sufficiently reliable navigability over a sustained portion of the year, to serve as a practical..." Clearly, this works, because if we take the inverse - "There won't be sufficient reliability with these sea routes" then it defeats the purpose of the argument.
B: "Marginal gains in shipping efficiency will outweigh capital costs..."
Now, here's the thing. If there isn't a marginal gain - if it's a major gain, or not even a gain at all - in shipping efficiency, that won't matter. We aren't looking at shipping efficiency, but alternative routes to help with shipping altogether.
C: "Current shipping patterns are sufficiently rigid. Investments, and not flexibility, will mitigate future disruptions..."
This is a weakener. Goes against the argument, so no point of treating it as an assumption.
D: "South chokepoints will remain vulnerable..."
Another weakener. If these chokepoints will continue to remain, the transatlantic arctic corridors won't make a significant impact.
E: "Major actors in shipping will adopt decisions based on strategic resilience"
This is irrelevant. The strategic resilience is what will define the state of maritime shipping - that the presence of multiple routes will give multiple option. It isn't an individual decision that'll impact anything, but rather, a state of being that'll improve the overall shipping industry.
Bunuel
As polar ice continues to recede due to climate change, policymakers have increasingly advocated for the development of Arctic maritime infrastructure as a means to mitigate strategic vulnerabilities in global trade logistics. A recent policy analysis contends that expanded investment in northern shipping corridors (including the construction of ice-hardened ports and specialized vessels) would reduce dependence on chokepoints like the Suez Canal, thereby enhancing the resilience and efficiency of trade between Europe and East Asia. The report concludes that, given recent disruptions in southern sea lanes, Arctic development constitutes a necessary strategic hedge for long-term stability in transcontinental shipping.
Which of the following is an assumption upon which the argument depends?
A. Arctic sea routes will offer sufficiently reliable navigability over a sustained portion of the year to serve as a practical substitute for traditional passages such as the Suez Canal.
B. The marginal gains in shipping efficiency associated with polar transit will outweigh the capital costs and environmental risks involved in developing northern maritime corridors.
C. Current shipping patterns are sufficiently rigid that infrastructure investment, rather than route flexibility, is required to mitigate future disruptions.
D. Southern trade chokepoints are likely to remain vulnerable to geopolitical or environmental disruptions over the next several decades.
E. Major actors in transcontinental shipping will adopt route decisions primarily based on considerations of long-term strategic resilience rather than short-term operational costs.
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