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# A certain jar contains only b black marbles, w white marbles

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A certain jar contains only b black marbles, w white marbles [#permalink]

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16 Nov 2010, 06:43
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A certain jar contains only b black marbles, w white marbles and r red marbles. If one marble is to be chosen at random from the jar, is the probability that the marble chosen will be red greater then the probability that the marble chosen will be white?

(1) r/(b+w) > w/(b+r)
(2) b-w > r
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Re: a certain jar contains [#permalink]

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16 Nov 2010, 06:52
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anilnandyala wrote:
A certain jar contains only b black marbles, w white marbles and r red marbles. If one marble is to be chosen at random from the jar, is the probability that the marble chosen will be red greater then the probability that the marble chosen will be white?

(1) r/(b+w) > w/(b+r)
(2) b-w > r

The question is $$\frac{R}{R+B+W}>\frac{W}{R+B+W}$$ true? Or is $$R>W$$ true?

(1) $$\frac{R}{B+W} > \frac{W}{B+R}$$ --> $$\frac{R}{B+W} +1> \frac{W}{B+R}+1$$ --> $$\frac{R+B+W}{B+W}> \frac{W+B+R}{B+R}$$ --> $$\frac{1}{B+W}> \frac{1}{B+R}$$ --> $$B+R>B+W$$ --> $$R>W$$. Sufficient.

OR:
Given: $$\frac{R}{B+W} > \frac{W}{B+R}$$ -->

Cross multiply, we can safely do this as $$B+W$$ and $$B+R$$ are more than zero.

We'll get $$R(B+R)>W(B+W)$$ --> $$RB+R^2>WB+W^2$$ --> $$(R^2-W^2)+(RB-WB)>0$$ --> $$(R-W)(R+W)+B(R-W)>0$$ --> $$(R-W)(R+W+B)>0$$.

As $$R+W+B>0$$, the above inequality to hold true $$R-W$$ must also be more than zero, so $$R-W>0$$ --> $$R>W$$.

(2) $$B-W>R$$, not sufficient to determine whether $$R>W$$ or not.

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Re: a certain jar contains [#permalink]

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16 Nov 2010, 12:40
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anilnandyala wrote:
a certain jar contains only b black marbles, w white marbles & r red marbles. if one marble is to be chosen random from jar is the probability that the marble chosen will be red greater then the probability the marble chosen is white?
a) r/(b+w) > w/(b+r)
b) b-w > r

The probability that red marble is chosen will be greater than the probability that white marble is chosen if there are more red marbles than white marbles.
So the queestion is just: Is r > w

Statement 1: r/(b + w) > w/(b + r)
Cross multiply to get r(b + r) > w(b + w) .... [(b + w) and (b + r) are definitely positive so cross multiplying is not a problem.]
Now, if r > w, (b + r) has to be greater than (b + w)
If r were less than w, then (b + r) < (b + w) and the left side would have been smaller than the right side.
So this implies that r must be greater than w. Sufficient.

Statement 2: b > r + w
But we cant compare r and w so not sufficient.

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Re: a certain jar contains [#permalink]

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17 Nov 2010, 23:55
VeritasPrepKarishma and Bunuel - thanks a lot for ur explanations.

+1 from me... again.

keep up the good job.
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Re: a certain jar contains [#permalink]

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23 Nov 2010, 23:36
Bunuel wrote:
anilnandyala wrote:
a certain jar contains only b black marbles, w white marbles & r red marbles. if one marble is to be chosen random from jar is the probability that the marble chosen will be red greater then the probability the marble chosen is white?
a) r/(b+w) > w/(b+r)
b) b-w > r

(1) $$\frac{R}{B+W} > \frac{W}{B+R}$$ --> $$\frac{R}{B+W} +1> \frac{W}{B+R}+1$$ --> $$\frac{R+B+W}{B+W}> \frac{W+B+R}{B+R}$$ --> $$\frac{1}{B+W}> \frac{1}{B+R}$$ --> $$B+R>B+W$$ --> $$R>W$$. Sufficient.

OR:
Given: $$\frac{R}{B+W} > \frac{W}{B+R}$$ -->

Cross multiply, we can safely do this as $$B+W$$ and $$B+R$$ are more then zero.

awesome explanation. I have translated the question to is r>w but did not know how to solve the (1). Now get it clear
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A certain jar contains only b black marbles, w white marbles and [#permalink]

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22 May 2013, 07:40
lets rephrase the question first.
It says IS r/(w+r+b)> w(r+w+b)
Cross multiply because we know all the variables are positive. It becomes
Is br+r^2> bw+w^2 ?

Statement 1: when cross multiplying we ger br+ r^2 >bw+ w^2........Thus sufficient

Statement 2: clearly insufficient.

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Re: A certain jar contains only b black marbles, w white marbles [#permalink]

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22 May 2013, 14:41
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chose B. I hate my life!

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A jar contains 8 red marbles and y white marbles. If Joan takes [#permalink]

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30 Dec 2013, 11:17
Given 8 red marbles and y white marbles.
Number of ways you can pick any two marbles is $$(8+Y)C2$$.
Ways of picking 2 red marbles is 8*7 (first time you can pick out of 8 red marbles and second time you can pick one of the remaining 7 marbles).
Ways of picking 1 marble of each color. This can happen in 2 ways. 1 way) First pick white and second pick red [y*8 ways] or 2 way) first pick red and second pick white [8*y ways]. So total number of ways to pick two different colors will be $$y*8 + 8*y$$ = $$2*8y$$

A jar contains 8 red marbles and y white marbles. If Joan takes 2 random marbles from the jar, is it more likely that she will have 2 red marbles than that she will have one marble of each color?

Question is asking for - is probability of picking 2 red marbles > probability of picking different color marbles, is $$\frac{8*7}{(8+Y)C2} > \frac{2*8y}{(8+Y)C2}$$
Therefore, $$y<7/2=3.5$$

(1) y ≤ 8 y can be less than or greater than 3.5 - NS
(2) y ≥ 4 y is always greater than 3.5 - S

So B

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Re: A certain jar contains only b black marbles, w white marbles [#permalink]

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10 Jan 2014, 06:31
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anilnandyala wrote:
A certain jar contains only b black marbles, w white marbles and r red marbles. If one marble is to be chosen at random from the jar, is the probability that the marble chosen will be red greater then the probability that the marble chosen will be white?

(1) r/(b+w) > w/(b+r)
(2) b-w > r

Is r>w?

r/(b+w)>w(b+r)

rb + r^2 ? wb + w^2

(r+w)(r-w) > b(w-r)

Now if r-w>0 then w-r < 0 and inequality holds true.
Other way around if r-w<0, LHS is negative and RHS is positive and inequality does NOT hold true

So only valid scenario is r-w>0 and thus r>w

Sufficient

(B) Not enough Info

Cheers
J

PS. Alternatively, first statement can be treated as

r-w / b+r>0

Well b+r is always positive, thus r-w has to be positive too
Then r>w

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Re: A certain jar contains only b black marbles, w white marbles [#permalink]

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03 Jun 2014, 09:58
let's rephrase the question as "Is no of red marbles > no of white marbles ?"

Stmt1: r/(b+w) > w/(b+r)

There are two possibilities arising from the above statement .

A fraction r/(b+w) is greater than other fraction w/(b+r), if and only if the following 2 conditions are satisfied.
a) r>w or b) (b+r) >( b+w)
case1 : numerator 'r' is larger than numerator 'w';
case2 : denominator (b+r) > denominator (b+w) ;
in either case we get r>w ;
hence sufficient;

Stmt2: b-w > r

We can consider two cases(numbers) for which the above statement is both true and false;

case1: b=10; w=2 ; r=7;
10-2>7;
r>w(true)

Case2: b=10; w=5; r=4;
10-5>4;
but here 4>5(false);
Hence Insufficient.

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Re: A certain jar contains only b black marbles, w white marbles [#permalink]

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A certain jar contains only b black marbles, w white marbles [#permalink]

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20 Jun 2015, 00:25
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I like this problem because there are at least five different ways to solve it. I'll mention a more conceptual solution since no one has mentioned it yet, but there are some great solutions above as well:

If you know the concept of "odds" that is used in daily life, you can answer this question very quickly. "Odds" are just ratios of good outcomes to bad outcomes, while probabilities are ratios of good outcomes to total outcomes (good+bad). So when we say the odds that something will happen are 2 to 1, that means there's a 2/3 probability it will happen, and a 1/3 probability it will not.

In this question, the fraction r/(b+w) is just the ratio of red marbles to other marbles, so it just represents the odds of picking a red marble. Similarly the fraction w/(b+r) is the ratio of white marbles to other marbles, so it represents the odds of picking a white marble. And if the odds of getting red are better than the odds of getting white, the probability of getting red must be higher than the probability of getting white, so S1 is sufficient.
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A certain jar contains only b black marbles, w white marbles [#permalink]

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15 Jan 2016, 08:35
IanStewart wrote:
I like this problem because there are at least five different ways to solve it. I'll mention a more conceptual solution since no one has mentioned it yet, but there are some great solutions above as well:

If you know the concept of "odds" that is used in daily life, you can answer this question very quickly. "Odds" are just ratios of good outcomes to bad outcomes, while probabilities are ratios of good outcomes to total outcomes (good+bad). So when we say the odds that something will happen are 2 to 1, that means there's a 2/3 probability it will happen, and a 1/3 probability it will not.

In this question, the fraction r/(b+w) is just the ratio of red marbles to other marbles, so it just represents the odds of picking a red marble. Similarly the fraction w/(b+r) is the ratio of white marbles to other marbles, so it represents the odds of picking a white marble. And if the odds of getting red are better than the odds of getting white, the probability of getting red must be higher than the probability of getting white, so S1 is sufficient.

This is exactly how I solved it. I just didnt realize I was using the concept of odds And glad to see you are still active here on the gmatclub IanStewart! Thanks
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Re: A certain jar contains only b black marbles, w white marbles [#permalink]

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15 Nov 2016, 20:37
Bunuel wrote:
anilnandyala wrote:
A certain jar contains only b black marbles, w white marbles and r red marbles. If one marble is to be chosen at random from the jar, is the probability that the marble chosen will be red greater then the probability that the marble chosen will be white?

(1) r/(b+w) > w/(b+r)
(2) b-w > r

The question is $$\frac{R}{R+B+W}>\frac{W}{R+B+W}$$ true? Or is $$R>W$$ true?

(1) $$\frac{R}{B+W} > \frac{W}{B+R}$$ --> $$\frac{R}{B+W} +1> \frac{W}{B+R}+1$$ --> $$\frac{R+B+W}{B+W}> \frac{W+B+R}{B+R}$$ --> $$\frac{1}{B+W}> \frac{1}{B+R}$$ --> $$B+R>B+W$$ --> $$R>W$$. Sufficient.

I know this is a very old post. Apologies. But why did you add 1 on both sides?

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Re: A certain jar contains only b black marbles, w white marbles [#permalink]

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21 Dec 2016, 04:49
shahidhussaink wrote:
Bunuel wrote:
anilnandyala wrote:
A certain jar contains only b black marbles, w white marbles and r red marbles. If one marble is to be chosen at random from the jar, is the probability that the marble chosen will be red greater then the probability that the marble chosen will be white?

(1) r/(b+w) > w/(b+r)
(2) b-w > r

The question is $$\frac{R}{R+B+W}>\frac{W}{R+B+W}$$ true? Or is $$R>W$$ true?

(1) $$\frac{R}{B+W} > \frac{W}{B+R}$$ --> $$\frac{R}{B+W} +1> \frac{W}{B+R}+1$$ --> $$\frac{R+B+W}{B+W}> \frac{W+B+R}{B+R}$$ --> $$\frac{1}{B+W}> \frac{1}{B+R}$$ --> $$B+R>B+W$$ --> $$R>W$$. Sufficient.

I know this is a very old post. Apologies. But why did you add 1 on both sides?

Let us not add 1 on both sides and do something totally berserk. Bear with me GMAT has driven me half nuts

ok we need to find if R>W
Statement 2 is invalid it gives us nothing about R and W it just says B is more than R and W taken together. Forget that distraction.

Now coming hereto statement1
it says

R/W+b>W/B+R
Now according to the rules of ratio we can add or substract a constant from both numerator and denominator
Hence

R+W+B/2(W+B)> R+W+B/2(B+R)

We simply added the denominator to both the numerator and denominator. With me till here?

Ok

Now simplify

1/w+b>1/B+R

fine ? now we can cross multiple. They are balls so cannot be negative.
B+R> B+W
B cancels out
R>W Proved!

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Re: A certain jar contains only b black marbles, w white marbles [#permalink]

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08 Apr 2017, 09:55
A certain jar contains only b black marbles, w white marbles and r red marbles. If one marble is to be chosen at random from the jar, is the probability that the marble chosen will be red greater then the probability that the marble chosen will be white?

(1) r/(b+w) > w/(b+r)
Suff.

(2) b-w > r
b > w + r

No info on w and r .

NS.
Ans A.
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Re: A certain jar contains only b black marbles, w white marbles   [#permalink] 08 Apr 2017, 09:55
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