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MDUsman
Why Lopez and Miller are not selected ?

They could be selected according to the rules given but we have only Lopez in the options provided, while rules says if either one is selected other must be selected so we have only one in the option and therefore we have to go to other option.
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Friends:I, K, L and M
Hostile: S, T, U

- i/k/l/m and s/t/u
- I  s or u
- L+M ( M behind L)
- K+U (K behind U)

For 2nd :
Thomsan: S T (i/k/l/m)- no definite answer
Ullaman: S U ( K needs to be 3rd ) SUK-valid
Lopez: S L( L needs to be second)  SML valid
K: correct answer with K in 3rd place ; not at 2nd place
Ito: S I ( no definite answer)

S U K – right answer
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Given Info:
Friendly speakers : Ito, Kemble, Lopez, and Miller
Hostile Speakers : Shapiro, Thompson and Ullman

Conditions:
1. at least 1 friendly and one hostile.
2. If Ito, then no Thompson
3. If Lopez then Miller, and vice-versa.
4. If Kemble then Ullman, and vice-versa.

Now given : Shapiro is already a 1st seat speaker.
Then the 2 combinations for the 2nd 3rd would be:
Lopez, Miller,
Ullman, Kemble.

Ito wont be selected, because if we select Ito, Ullman, has to be selected => Kemble has to be selected, which would violate the given ask.
Thus the answer:


2nd Seat: Ullman
3rd Seat: Kemble.
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The three discussants must be selected
=>>> Friendly four - Ito, Kemble, Lopez, and Miller
=>>> Hostile three - Shapiro, Thompson and Ullman

The following restrictions are given:

1) =>>>> At least one friendly discussant and at least one hostile discussant must be selected. (That means combination will be either FHH or FFH)

2) =>>> If Ito is selected, Thompson cannot be selected.
{ if I is(selected) T(not) }

3) =>>>>If either Lopez or Miller is selected, the other must also be selected. Miller seated behind Lopez.{if L selected M will }

4) =>>>>If either Kemble or Ullman is selected, the other must also be selected, Kemble seated behind Ullman. {If K(friendly) selected U(hostile) will}(U sits ahead of K

If Shapiro is selected and seated at the front-most seat as 1st Discussant, then who can be selected as the remaining members?
S is Hostile,
(Other two can be either both friendly Or One friendly one Hostile)
We have 5 options.
1) T(Hostile),
2) U(hostile),
3) L(friendly),
4) K(friendly),
5) I(friendly).

L can't be selected because we need M to pair with L. (L out) (3rd condition)

I could be the choice, but It can't be paired with T(2nd condition), U has to be pair with K so I can't be with U and K either.L Is already out of scope. (I out)

T can be the option, but I won't be there(2nd condition), U and K has to be together, rules out to be pair with T and L's pair is M (T out)

Remaining are U and K (possible combination), also given in 4th condition U sits ahead of K.
So 2nd discussant will be U and,
3rd discussant will be K


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Is there an easy way to solve this type of question because it always drives me crazy

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They can be anoption, but cant be selected as Miller is not an option in the answer.
MDUsman
Why Lopez and Miller are not selected ?
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