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A fifty-year accord signed in 1994 by the United States, [#permalink]
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22 Jul 2010, 12:10
2
9
00:00
A
B
C
D
E
Difficulty:
85% (hard)
Question Stats:
40% (01:04) correct 60% (01:10) wrong based on 539 sessions
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A fifty-year accord signed in 1994 by the United States, Canada, and Mexico dictated the reduction of tariffs that member nations had been permitted to levy on imports from other member nations. A. dictated the reduction of tariffs that member nations had been permitted to levy B. dictated the tariff reduction that member nations had been levying C. dictates the tariff reduction member nations have been permitted to levy D. dictated the reduction of tariffs that member nations are permitted to levy E. dictates the reduction of tariffs permitted for levying by member nations
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Got this one wrong but I see my mistake. I went too fast and thought that "reduction of tariffs" were a little wordy and went with the two that had "tariff reduction"
A. dictated the reduction of tariffs that member nations had been permitted to levy - the accord is still active B. dictated the tariff reduction that member nations had been levying - unidiomatic C. dictates the tariff reduction member nations have been permitted to levy - that missing D. dictated the reduction of tariffs that member nations are permitted to levy - CORRECT E. dictates the reduction of tariffs permitted for levying by member nations - that missing
I myself picked 'A' as the OA but below is the reasoning for why D is correct.
The sentence is talking of 2 different things.
The accord dictated reduction of tariffs
Tariffs that member nations are permitted to levy on imports
Between A and D.
A suggests that member nations had been permitted to levy tariffs [means member nations are not permitted to levy tariffs anymore] whereas D says member nations are still permitted to levy tariffs [present tense]....which is correct
A fifty-year accord signed in 1994 by the United States, Canada, and Mexico dictated the reduction of tariffs that member nations had been permitted to levy on imports from other member nations.
A. dictated the reduction of tariffs that member nations had been permitted to levy
B. dictated the tariff reduction that member nations had been levying - this changes the meaning. The member nations are permitted to levy tariffs. This sentence says "member nations had been levying tariff reduction"....which is not the intended meaning.
C. dictates the tariff reduction member nations have been permitted to levy - this changes the meaning. The member nations are permitted to levy tariffs. This sentence says "member nations have been permitted to levy tariff reduction"....which is not the intended meaning.
D. dictated the reduction of tariffs that member nations are permitted to levy - CORRECT
E. dictates the reduction of tariffs permitted for levying by member nations - awkward
dictated is past tense. So basically you are saying that it was over sometime back and still going on. "dictated" w/ present tense [are]. Did I miss something?
Originally posted by nusmavrik on 23 Jul 2010, 19:26.
Last edited by nusmavrik on 23 Jul 2010, 21:34, edited 1 time in total.
Compare with this SC. The use of past tense (violated) is correct in the OA since judge overturned the ban, so ban is history now. "ban violated the state laws" ---> is correct
Sentence is logical, there is no contradiction - State laws and ban couldn't coexist, so Judge was nice to let go the ban.
Nine months after the county banned jet skis and other water bikes from the tranquil waters of Puget Sound, a judge overturned the ban on the grounds of violating state laws for allowing the use of personal watercraft on common waterways A. of violating state laws for allowing B. of their violating state laws to allow C. that it violates state laws that allowed D. that it violated state laws allowing E. that state laws were being violated allowing
You guys are having a nice and friendly discussion around here. Allow me to join in and give you my take on the issue;
A fifty-year accord signed in 1994 by the United States, Canada, and Mexico dictated the reduction of tariffs that member nations had been permitted to levy on imports from other member nations. A. dictated the reduction of tariffs that member nations had been permitted to levy---- You absolutely don't need the past perfect; "to permit" is not an "action verb". B. dictated the tariff reduction that member nations had been levying-----------------> You don't levy a "tariff reduction", you do levy a tariff. C. dictates the tariff reduction member nations have been permitted to levy----------->You don't levy a "tariff reduction", you do levy a tariff. D. dictated the reduction of tariffs that member nations are permitted to levy----------> "dictated" is fine because of the date "1994" and "are permitted" is the correct use of the verb. E. dictates the reduction of tariffs permitted for levying by member nations ------------> "permitted for levying" is clearly unacceptable
In general, avoid using the present perfect and the past perfect when you're dealing with non-action verbs such as "to permit", "to allow", etc... especially on the GMAT.
A similar SC question from the GMAT is shown below. Guess what the correct answer is.
A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.
(A) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump (B) reduced the phosphate amount that municipalities had been dumping (C) reduces the phosphate amount municipalities have been allowed to dump (D) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump (E) reduces the amount of phosphates allowed for dumping by municipalities
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Voila. Thanks for the explanations. I agree with the explanation for "levy". You don't levy a "tariff reduction", you do levy a tariff.
A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.
(A) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump (B) reduced the phosphate amount that municipalities had been dumping (C) reduces the phosphate amount municipalities have been allowed to dump (D) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump (E) reduces the amount of phosphates allowed for dumping by municipalities
For the above question i'm optioning D. A is wrong since it uses the past perfect "had been permitted". Past perfect is used to sequence two past actions. Guess if municipalities already dumped the wastes then they can't possibly reduce the amount of phosphates in the dumping. Its done, its over. Hence A OUT. D is correct.
TheGMATDoctor wrote:
You guys are having a nice and friendly discussion around here. Allow me to join in and give you my take on the issue;
A fifty-year accord signed in 1994 by the United States, Canada, and Mexico dictated the reduction of tariffs that member nations had been permitted to levy on imports from other member nations. A. dictated the reduction of tariffs that member nations had been permitted to levy---- You absolutely don't need the past perfect; "to permit" is not an "action verb". B. dictated the tariff reduction that member nations had been levying-----------------> You don't levy a "tariff reduction", you do levy a tariff. C. dictates the tariff reduction member nations have been permitted to levy----------->You don't levy a "tariff reduction", you do levy a tariff. D. dictated the reduction of tariffs that member nations are permitted to levy----------> "dictated" is fine because of the date "1994" and "are permitted" is the correct use of the verb. E. dictates the reduction of tariffs permitted for levying by member nations ------------> "permitted for levying" is clearly unacceptable
In general, avoid using the present perfect and the past perfect when you're dealing with non-action verbs such as "to permit", "to allow", etc... especially on the GMAT.
A similar SC question from the GMAT is shown below. Guess what the correct answer is.
A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.
(A) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump (B) reduced the phosphate amount that municipalities had been dumping (C) reduces the phosphate amount municipalities have been allowed to dump (D) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump (E) reduces the amount of phosphates allowed for dumping by municipalities
Compare with this SC. The use of past tense (violated) is correct in the OA since judge overturned the ban, so ban is history now. "ban violated the state laws" ---> is correct
Sentence is logical, there is no contradiction - State laws and ban couldn't coexist, so Judge was nice to let go the ban.
Nine months after the county banned jet skis and other water bikes from the tranquil waters of Puget Sound, a judge overturned the ban on the grounds of violating state laws for allowing the use of personal watercraft on common waterways A. of violating state laws for allowing B. of their violating state laws to allow C. that it violates state laws that allowed D. that it violated state laws allowing E. that state laws were being violated allowing
OA is D
I am quite ok with OA here.........here allowing is not the usual verb but functions as an Adverb ...allowing the(adjective) use(noun).....its a special case
You guys are having a nice and friendly discussion around here. Allow me to join in and give you my take on the issue;
In general, avoid using the present perfect and the past perfect when you're dealing with non-action verbs such as "to permit", "to allow", etc... especially on the GMAT.
A similar SC question from the GMAT is shown below. Guess what the correct answer is.
A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.
(A) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump (B) reduced the phosphate amount that municipalities had been dumping (C) reduces the phosphate amount municipalities have been allowed to dump (D) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump (E) reduces the amount of phosphates allowed for dumping by municipalities
I also guess it to be D ........thanks for the explanation
Re: A fifty-year accord signed in 1994 by the United States, [#permalink]
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10 Sep 2015, 03:53
aiming4mba wrote:
A fifty-year accord signed in 1994 by the United States, Canada, and Mexico dictated the reduction of tariffs that member nations had been permitted to levy on imports from other member nations. A. dictated the reduction of tariffs that member nations had been permitted to levy B. dictated the tariff reduction that member nations had been levying C. dictates the tariff reduction member nations have been permitted to levy D. dictated the reduction of tariffs that member nations are permitted to levy E. dictates the reduction of tariffs permitted for levying by member nations
The accord was signed in the past, hence the tense of the verb 'dictate' should also be in the past. Eliminate C and E. The member nations are still levying tariff. Hence ' are permitted to levy' is correct. IMO the answer is D.
Re: A fifty-year accord signed in 1994 by the United States, [#permalink]
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10 Apr 2018, 13:45
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