Last visit was: 19 Nov 2025, 05:58 It is currently 19 Nov 2025, 05:58
Close
GMAT Club Daily Prep
Thank you for using the timer - this advanced tool can estimate your performance and suggest more practice questions. We have subscribed you to Daily Prep Questions via email.

Customized
for You

we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History

Track
Your Progress

every week, we’ll send you an estimated GMAT score based on your performance

Practice
Pays

we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History
Not interested in getting valuable practice questions and articles delivered to your email? No problem, unsubscribe here.
Close
Request Expert Reply
Confirm Cancel
User avatar
aiming4mba
Joined: 20 Nov 2009
Last visit: 22 May 2012
Posts: 97
Own Kudos:
1,056
 [21]
Given Kudos: 64
Posts: 97
Kudos: 1,056
 [21]
2
Kudos
Add Kudos
19
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Most Helpful Reply
User avatar
TheGMATDoctor
Joined: 25 May 2008
Last visit: 15 Nov 2014
Posts: 9
Own Kudos:
43
 [8]
Posts: 9
Kudos: 43
 [8]
3
Kudos
Add Kudos
5
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
General Discussion
User avatar
vwjetty
User avatar
Retired Moderator
Joined: 25 Apr 2010
Last visit: 02 Apr 2014
Posts: 897
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 71
Status:battlecruiser, operational...
Schools: Carey '16
Schools: Carey '16
Posts: 897
Kudos: 582
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
User avatar
flash
Joined: 11 Apr 2010
Last visit: 30 Dec 2014
Posts: 18
Own Kudos:
5
 [1]
Given Kudos: 11
Posts: 18
Kudos: 5
 [1]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
A. dictated the reduction of tariffs that member nations had been permitted to levy - the accord is still active
B. dictated the tariff reduction that member nations had been levying - unidiomatic
C. dictates the tariff reduction member nations have been permitted to levy - that missing
D. dictated the reduction of tariffs that member nations are permitted to levy - CORRECT
E. dictates the reduction of tariffs permitted for levying by member nations - that missing
User avatar
nusmavrik
Joined: 26 Nov 2009
Last visit: 03 Apr 2022
Posts: 467
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 36
Status:Impossible is not a fact. It's an opinion. It's a dare. Impossible is nothing.
Affiliations: University of Chicago Booth School of Business
Location: Singapore
Concentration: General Management, Finance
Schools: Chicago Booth - Class of 2015
Schools: Chicago Booth - Class of 2015
Posts: 467
Kudos: 2,635
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
I think you have the wrong OA. Should be C. Please check.

present perfect is used for action which started in the past and continues into the present. So it should be dictates and "have been permitted".

If this fifty year accord which was signed in 1994 then it still holds - so still "dictates" rather than "dictated" which is past tense and over.
User avatar
nusmavrik
Joined: 26 Nov 2009
Last visit: 03 Apr 2022
Posts: 467
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 36
Status:Impossible is not a fact. It's an opinion. It's a dare. Impossible is nothing.
Affiliations: University of Chicago Booth School of Business
Location: Singapore
Concentration: General Management, Finance
Schools: Chicago Booth - Class of 2015
Schools: Chicago Booth - Class of 2015
Posts: 467
Kudos: 2,635
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Thanks let me ping gmat instructors Sarai or Tommy.
User avatar
Hussain15
User avatar
Retired Moderator
Joined: 18 Jun 2009
Last visit: 07 Jul 2021
Posts: 1,076
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 157
Status:The last round
Concentration: Strategy, General Management
GMAT 1: 680 Q48 V34
GMAT 1: 680 Q48 V34
Posts: 1,076
Kudos: 3,476
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
As intimated above, I have some doubts about OA.

Firstly, reduction of tarrifs seemed wrong to me, as I thought it should be reduction in. So I eliminated other choices.

Secondly, the accord was signed in 1994 & is still valid, so we can use "dictates". I chose "C". Whats the source??? :?
User avatar
seekmba
Joined: 17 Feb 2010
Last visit: 25 Sep 2014
Posts: 626
Own Kudos:
3,603
 [3]
Given Kudos: 6
Posts: 626
Kudos: 3,603
 [3]
2
Kudos
Add Kudos
1
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
I myself picked 'A' as the OA but below is the reasoning for why D is correct.

The sentence is talking of 2 different things.

The accord dictated reduction of tariffs

Tariffs that member nations are permitted to levy on imports


Between A and D.

A suggests that member nations had been permitted to levy tariffs [means member nations are not permitted to levy tariffs anymore] whereas
D says member nations are still permitted to levy tariffs [present tense]....which is correct

A fifty-year accord signed in 1994 by the United States, Canada, and Mexico dictated the reduction of tariffs that member nations had been permitted to levy on imports from other member nations.

A. dictated the reduction of tariffs that member nations had been permitted to levy

B. dictated the tariff reduction that member nations had been levying - this changes the meaning. The member nations are permitted to levy tariffs. This sentence says "member nations had been levying tariff reduction"....which is not the intended meaning.

C. dictates the tariff reduction member nations have been permitted to levy - this changes the meaning. The member nations are permitted to levy tariffs. This sentence says "member nations have been permitted to levy tariff reduction"....which is not the intended meaning.

D. dictated the reduction of tariffs that member nations are permitted to levy - CORRECT

E. dictates the reduction of tariffs permitted for levying by member nations - awkward
User avatar
nusmavrik
Joined: 26 Nov 2009
Last visit: 03 Apr 2022
Posts: 467
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 36
Status:Impossible is not a fact. It's an opinion. It's a dare. Impossible is nothing.
Affiliations: University of Chicago Booth School of Business
Location: Singapore
Concentration: General Management, Finance
Schools: Chicago Booth - Class of 2015
Schools: Chicago Booth - Class of 2015
Posts: 467
Kudos: 2,635
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
dictated is past tense. So basically you are saying that it was over sometime back and still going on.
"dictated" w/ present tense [are]. Did I miss something? :wink:
User avatar
nusmavrik
Joined: 26 Nov 2009
Last visit: 03 Apr 2022
Posts: 467
Own Kudos:
2,635
 [1]
Given Kudos: 36
Status:Impossible is not a fact. It's an opinion. It's a dare. Impossible is nothing.
Affiliations: University of Chicago Booth School of Business
Location: Singapore
Concentration: General Management, Finance
Schools: Chicago Booth - Class of 2015
Schools: Chicago Booth - Class of 2015
Posts: 467
Kudos: 2,635
 [1]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Compare with this SC. The use of past tense (violated) is correct in the OA since judge overturned the ban, so ban is history now. "ban violated the state laws" ---> is correct

Sentence is logical, there is no contradiction - State laws and ban couldn't coexist, so Judge was nice to let go the ban.

Nine months after the county banned jet skis and other water bikes
from the tranquil waters of Puget Sound, a judge overturned the ban on the
grounds of violating state laws for allowing the use of personal watercraft
on common waterways
A. of violating state laws for allowing
B. of their violating state laws to allow
C. that it violates state laws that allowed
D. that it violated state laws allowing
E. that state laws were being violated allowing

OA is D
User avatar
nusmavrik
Joined: 26 Nov 2009
Last visit: 03 Apr 2022
Posts: 467
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 36
Status:Impossible is not a fact. It's an opinion. It's a dare. Impossible is nothing.
Affiliations: University of Chicago Booth School of Business
Location: Singapore
Concentration: General Management, Finance
Schools: Chicago Booth - Class of 2015
Schools: Chicago Booth - Class of 2015
Posts: 467
Kudos: 2,635
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Voila. Thanks for the explanations. I agree with the explanation for "levy".
You don't levy a "tariff reduction", you do levy a tariff.

A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of
phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump
into the Great Lakes.

(A) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump
(B) reduced the phosphate amount that municipalities had been dumping
(C) reduces the phosphate amount municipalities have been allowed to dump
(D) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump
(E) reduces the amount of phosphates allowed for dumping by municipalities

For the above question i'm optioning D.
A is wrong since it uses the past perfect "had been permitted". Past perfect is used to sequence two past actions. Guess if municipalities already dumped the wastes then they can't possibly reduce the amount of phosphates in the dumping. Its done, its over. Hence A OUT. D is correct.

TheGMATDoctor
You guys are having a nice and friendly discussion around here. Allow me to join in and give you my take on the issue;

A fifty-year accord signed in 1994 by the United States, Canada, and Mexico dictated the reduction of tariffs that member nations had been permitted to levy on imports from other member nations.
A. dictated the reduction of tariffs that member nations had been permitted to levy---- You absolutely don't need the past perfect; "to permit" is not an "action verb".
B. dictated the tariff reduction that member nations had been levying-----------------> You don't levy a "tariff reduction", you do levy a tariff.
C. dictates the tariff reduction member nations have been permitted to levy----------->You don't levy a "tariff reduction", you do levy a tariff.
D. dictated the reduction of tariffs that member nations are permitted to levy----------> "dictated" is fine because of the date "1994" and "are permitted" is the correct use of the verb.
E. dictates the reduction of tariffs permitted for levying by member nations ------------> "permitted for levying" is clearly unacceptable

In general, avoid using the present perfect and the past perfect when you're dealing with non-action verbs such as "to permit", "to allow", etc... especially on the GMAT.

A similar SC question from the GMAT is shown below. Guess what the correct answer is.

A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of
phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump
into the Great Lakes.

(A) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump
(B) reduced the phosphate amount that municipalities had been dumping
(C) reduces the phosphate amount municipalities have been allowed to dump
(D) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump
(E) reduces the amount of phosphates allowed for dumping by municipalities
User avatar
vudsri000
Joined: 08 Jan 2010
Last visit: 12 Dec 2010
Posts: 54
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 13
Posts: 54
Kudos: 3
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
nusmavrik
Compare with this SC. The use of past tense (violated) is correct in the OA since judge overturned the ban, so ban is history now. "ban violated the state laws" ---> is correct

Sentence is logical, there is no contradiction - State laws and ban couldn't coexist, so Judge was nice to let go the ban.

Nine months after the county banned jet skis and other water bikes
from the tranquil waters of Puget Sound, a judge overturned the ban on the
grounds of violating state laws for allowing the use of personal watercraft
on common waterways
A. of violating state laws for allowing
B. of their violating state laws to allow
C. that it violates state laws that allowed
D. that it violated state laws allowing
E. that state laws were being violated allowing

OA is D

I am quite ok with OA here.........here allowing is not the usual verb but functions as an Adverb ...allowing the(adjective) use(noun).....its a special case
User avatar
vudsri000
Joined: 08 Jan 2010
Last visit: 12 Dec 2010
Posts: 54
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 13
Posts: 54
Kudos: 3
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
TheGMATDoctor
You guys are having a nice and friendly discussion around here. Allow me to join in and give you my take on the issue;

In general, avoid using the present perfect and the past perfect when you're dealing with non-action verbs such as "to permit", "to allow", etc... especially on the GMAT.

A similar SC question from the GMAT is shown below. Guess what the correct answer is.

A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of
phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump
into the Great Lakes.

(A) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump
(B) reduced the phosphate amount that municipalities had been dumping
(C) reduces the phosphate amount municipalities have been allowed to dump
(D) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump
(E) reduces the amount of phosphates allowed for dumping by municipalities

I also guess it to be D ........thanks for the explanation
User avatar
avohden
Joined: 09 Jul 2013
Last visit: 14 Mar 2015
Posts: 406
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 630
Status:1,750 Q's attempted and counting
Affiliations: University of Florida
Location: United States (FL)
GMAT 1: 570 Q42 V28
GMAT 2: 610 Q44 V30
GMAT 3: 600 Q45 V29
GMAT 4: 590 Q35 V35
GPA: 3.45
WE:Accounting (Accounting)
GMAT 4: 590 Q35 V35
Posts: 406
Kudos: 3,133
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
There is a great explanation from Stacey Koprince @ MGMAT in the following link regarding the OG question posted by Dakar Azu.

https://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/og-sc-62-t580.html
avatar
DarkKnight06
Joined: 25 Jun 2013
Last visit: 09 Jan 2017
Posts: 14
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 7
Concentration: General Management, Operations
GMAT 1: 690 Q47 V38
GPA: 3.2
WE:Account Management (Computer Software)
GMAT 1: 690 Q47 V38
Posts: 14
Kudos: 85
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
aiming4mba
A fifty-year accord signed in 1994 by the United States, Canada, and Mexico dictated the reduction of tariffs that member nations had been permitted to levy on imports from other member nations.
A. dictated the reduction of tariffs that member nations had been permitted to levy
B. dictated the tariff reduction that member nations had been levying
C. dictates the tariff reduction member nations have been permitted to levy
D. dictated the reduction of tariffs that member nations are permitted to levy
E. dictates the reduction of tariffs permitted for levying by member nations


The accord was signed in the past, hence the tense of the verb 'dictate' should also be in the past. Eliminate C and E.
The member nations are still levying tariff. Hence ' are permitted to levy' is correct. IMO the answer is D.
avatar
hatemnag
Joined: 20 Apr 2014
Last visit: 19 Jan 2020
Posts: 67
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 50
Posts: 67
Kudos: 17
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
actually I answered D but I took the risk since I realized it as 700+ question. answers of 700+ Qs look debatable away from basics. but it took 3 min.
User avatar
VerbalBot
User avatar
Non-Human User
Joined: 01 Oct 2013
Last visit: 04 Jan 2021
Posts: 18,832
Own Kudos:
Posts: 18,832
Kudos: 986
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Hello from the GMAT Club VerbalBot!

Thanks to another GMAT Club member, I have just discovered this valuable topic, yet it had no discussion for over a year. I am now bumping it up - doing my job. I think you may find it valuable (esp those replies with Kudos).

Want to see all other topics I dig out? Follow me (click follow button on profile). You will receive a summary of all topics I bump in your profile area as well as via email.
Moderators:
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
7443 posts
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
231 posts
188 posts