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555-605 (Medium)|   Idioms/Diction/Redundancy|   Parallelism|                                 
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AhmedMoharam89
So let me get this clear. in this question since we had the marker "so brisk that", "the ability to..." becomes the main noun and we try to make the two infinitives "to distinguish" and "to result" parallel?

and in another case where the "so brisk that" didnt exist in the question we would for choice D. for example
"A new study suggests that the conversational pace of everyday life hampers the ability of some children for distinguishing discrete sounds and words , and results in not making sense of speech."

In addition to what Ajitesh has mentioned below, I'd also say that "hampers" and "results" shouldn't really be in parallel here. In cases of parallel construction, don't check ONLY for grammatical parallelism, but also for logical connection between the elements. The "conversational pace" itself doesn't result in anything. It's the hampering of their ability that does. The comma (,) before "results" is also unnecessary.

Posted from my mobile device
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AjiteshArun

ParamjitDasGMAT

Can we deconstruct the question here?

The open marker is "and" so we have 2 elements here. the elements maybe "hampers and results" or "to distinguish and to make".

what does it refer to? IMO, the only logical antecedent is " the conversational pace" because it can't mean the "study" or "day".
so if we rephrase: (A new study suggests that the conversational pace of everyday life may be so brisk that the conversational pace of everyday life hampers the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and words and, as a result, to make sense of speech.)

OR

(A new study suggests that the conversational pace of everyday life may be so brisk that the conversational pace of everyday life hampers the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and words and and results in not making sense of speech).

Even though, I have placed both sentences now, I can't see why Option D is still incorrect. I.e what is wrong in saying that a certain action "results" in something?

in such type of problems, how do I correctly identify The Root Phrase

I hope by this way you understand my point of weakness in this type of scenarios and address me how to rectify it.

Thanks
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AhmedMoharam89
Even though, I have placed both sentences now, I can't see why Option D is still incorrect. I.e what is wrong in saying that a certain action "results" in something?
Hi AhmedMoharam89,

Here's the relevant part of the sentence:
the conversational pace of everyday life may be so brisk
that
it hampers {the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and words and, as a result, to make sense of speech}

The ability to distinguish... and to make sense... is clearly connected to the children ("the ability of some children"). On the other hand, results in not making, apart from being very awkward, isn't connected to children.

1. it hampers {the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and words}, and results in not making

This is read as "{it hampers the ability of some children} and {it results in not making}". Clearly, the second part seems to be a general statement, as it isn't restricted to some children.
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I took B because the other choices contained flaws.

However, I have a gerneral question about the use of "it". I thought that "it" could possibly refer to study instead of pace. Is this ruled out by "that", which introduces a realtive clause? I know it is not asked in the question but in other SC problems there are a lot of unclear referent issues...
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Can someone please explain why, in option C, "the result of this" is incorrect?
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Can someone please explain why, in option C, "the result of this" is incorrect?

You can directly eliminate option C because Suggests is Singular verb (base form of verb(v1) +s is always singular).
So we need singular noun/pronoun to refer to it .
They is incorrectly used in option C.

Hope this helps .
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I got the answer correct , but one quick query ....
Isn't "..., as a result,..."mentioned in choice B , hampering the parallelism?

I'm i correct in understanding that since "..., as a result,..." is mentioned within commas it is not impacting the parallelism.
Please help.
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rohitgoel15
A new study suggests that the conversational pace of everyday life may be so brisk it hampers the ability of some children for distinguishing discrete sounds and words and, the result is, to make sense of speech.

A. it hampers the ability of some children for distinguishing discrete sounds and words and, the result is, to make
B. that it hampers the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and words and, as a result, to make
C. that it hampers the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and words and, the result of this, they are unable to make
D. that it hampers the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and words, and results in not making
E. as to hamper the ability of some children for distinguishing discrete sounds and words, resulting in being unable to make
I always get these kind of questions wrong. I always end up making wrong things parallel..
In this case i did hampers with results ...

Can anyone please suggest how to improve on this one particular topic? How to find what parallels what? :oops:

can some expert explain whether so.......as to idiom usage fits here?
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sayantanc2k
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rohitgoel15
A new study suggests that the conversational pace of everyday life may be so brisk it hampers the ability of some children for distinguishing discrete sounds and words and, the result is, to make sense of speech.

A. it hampers the ability of some children for distinguishing discrete sounds and words and, the result is, to make
B. that it hampers the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and words and, as a result, to make
C. that it hampers the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and words and, the result of this, they are unable to make
D. that it hampers the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and words, and results in not making
E. as to hamper the ability of some children for distinguishing discrete sounds and words, resulting in being unable to make

can some expert explain whether so.......as to idiom usage fits here?


Yes, so... as.. (as used in option E) is valid. Option E is wrong because of another idiomatic error - "ability for..." is wrong.

sayantanc2k

so.........as according to me means it is so brisk that it results in hampering the ability.
Whereas so that sounds a bit intentional. Then is so that ok here.
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I get that answer B is correct, I wanted to understand why the comma is placed after and(and,) and not before it.
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russ9
Can someone please explain why, in option C, "the result of this" is incorrect?
Dear Team,

even I have the same doubt and not convinced with explanation provided in the thread till now.
Kindly explain in detail.

Thanks in advance
bb generis GMATNinja EMPOWERgmatVerbal
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priyanshu14
russ9
Can someone please explain why, in option C, "the result of this" is incorrect?
Dear Team,

even I have the same doubt and not convinced with explanation provided in the thread till now.
Kindly explain in detail.

Thanks in advance
bb generis GMATNinja EMPOWERgmatVerbal

Hello again priyanshu14!

I think that Businessconquerer covered the initial reason the phrase "the result of this" is incorrect - it's not idiomatically correct. That phrase needs a verb after it to make sense (the result of this is/was...). It also doesn't work as a parenthetical phrase (a phrase placed between two commas that's just there to add emphasis).

The other reason option C is incorrect has to do with parallelism:

(C) that it hampers the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and words and, the result of this, they are unable to make

This is INCORRECT because it doesn't use parallel structure to describe the two things that are hampered in the sentence. Because of this, we can rule this option out.

I hope this helps, and thanks to Businessconquerer for the extra explanation!
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EMPOWERgmatVerbal
Hello Everyone!

Let's tackle this question, one problem at a time, to narrow it down to the correct choice! First, here is the original question with any major differences between the options highlighted in orange:

A new study suggests that the conversational pace of everyday life may be so brisk it hampers the ability of some children for distinguishing discrete sounds and words and, the result is, to make sense of speech.

(A) it hampers the ability of some children for distinguishing discrete sounds and words and, the result is, to make
(B) that it hampers the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and words and, as a result, to make
(C) that it hampers the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and words and, the result of this, they are unable to make
(D) that it hampers the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and words, and results in not making
(E) as to hamper the ability of some children for distinguishing discrete sounds and words, resulting in being unable to make

After a quick glance over the options, there are a few things we can focus on:

1. it hampers / that it hampers / as to hamper
2. for distinguishing / to distinguish
3. Their endings


Let's start with #1 on our list, which is an issue of idiom structure. The idiom we are trying to use here is this:

so X that Y

Here is how each option uses (or misuses) this idiom:

(A) it hampers the ability of some children for distinguishing discrete sounds and words and, the result is, to make --> so X Y --> WRONG
(B) that it hampers the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and words and, as a result, to make --> so X that Y --> GOOD
(C) that it hampers the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and words and, the result of this, they are unable to make --> so X that Y --> GOOD
(D) that it hampers the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and words, and results in not making --> so X that Y --> GOOD
(E) as to hamper the ability of some children for distinguishing discrete sounds and words, resulting in being unable to make --> so X as to Y --> WRONG

We can eliminate options A & E because they don't adhere to the idiom structure "so X that Y."

(It turns out we could also eliminate options A & E because they also incorrectly use the "for verb+ing" structure instead of the correct "to verb" in this sentence.)

Now that we've narrowed it down to 3 options, let's take a closer look at how each option ends, and look for any glaring issues. I'll give you a hint: it has something to do with parallelism!

(B) that it hampers the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and words and, as a result, to make

This is our CORRECT option! It uses parallel structure with "to distinguish" and "to make!" It also uses the correct idiom structure "so X that Y."

(C) that it hampers the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and words and, the result of this, they are unable to make

This is INCORRECT because it doesn't use parallel structure to describe the two things that are hampered in the sentence. Because of this, we can rule this option out.

(D) that it hampers the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and words, and results in not making

This is also INCORRECT because it doesn't use parallel structure to describe the two things being hampered in the sentence!


There you have it - option B is the correct choice because it follows the "so X that Y" idiom structure and uses parallelism correctly!


Don't study for the GMAT. Train for it.

Hi EMPOWERgmatVerbal
Thanks for the detailed explanation to an OG question.

My question is about the idiom used in option E: so X as to Y. You have marked it incorrect. I have come across a couple of question where this idiom has been used and the answer choice was correct. Link to one such question is below:

https://gmatclub.com/forum/immanuel-kan ... 62621.html

Now, when is it ok to use so X as to Y and when so X that Y?

Thanks.
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Sarjaria84
A new study suggests that the conversational pace of everyday life may be so brisk it hampers the ability of some children for distinguishing discrete sounds and words and, the result is, to make sense of speech.

A. it hampers the ability of some children for distinguishing discrete sounds and words and, the result is, to make
B. that it hampers the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and words and, as a result, to make
C. that it hampers the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and words and, the result of this, they are unable to make
D. that it hampers the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and words, and results in not making
E. as to hamper the ability of some children for distinguishing discrete sounds and words, resulting in being unable to make


Hi sayantanc2k daagh

The usage of 'so brisk as to hamper the ability' is incorrect in option 'E' in my opinion because this usage gives an indication that 'the conversational pace of everyday life' is brisk with the intention of hampering the ability of children, altering slightly the intended meaning of the original sentence.

I do understand that there is another error in option 'E', but can you please throw some light on my above reasoning?


Thanks
Saurabh

sayantanc2k daagh AjiteshArun

If you could please help me with my above query.


Thanks
Saurabh
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D is not parallel is what everyone is saying.

But can we not say these two elements are parallel?

(D) that it hampers the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and words, and results in not making

Experts, help.
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A new study suggests that the conversational pace of everyday life may be so brisk it hampers the ability of some children for distinguishing discrete sounds and words and, the result is, to make sense of speech.


(A) it hampers the ability of some children for distinguishing discrete sounds and words and, the result is, to make

(B) that it hampers the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and words and, as a result, to make

(C) that it hampers the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and words and, the result of this, they are unable to make

(D) that it hampers the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and words, and results in not making

(E) as to hamper the ability of some children for distinguishing discrete sounds and words, resulting in being unable to make

sayantanc2k daagh AndrewN - could you please help me with a doubt?

I was evaluating choices B,C and D (eliminated A and E for unidiomatic usage) and was confused by the comma after "and" in options B and C. Should the comma not have been before "and" (distinguish discrete sounds and words, and as a result, to make)? Is it trivial compared to the parallelism that B maintains, which makes it the correct choice? Thanks for your help !
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gmatlbs
"As a result" is just a parenthetical aside, and we can ignore it for parallelism purposes. We often see these quick add-ins set off with commas: "similarly," "at the same time," "accordingly," etc. The author is just adding a clarifying adverbial modifier to the second parallel term. As long as the underlying structure is fine, this doesn't matter.
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