Dear Friends,
Here is a detailed explanation to this question-
vikram4689 wrote:
Although a surge in retail sales have raised hopes that there is a recovery finally under way, many economists say that without a large amount of spending the recovery might not last.
(A) have raised hopes that there is a recovery finally
(B) raised hopes for there being a recovery finally
(C) had raised hopes for a recovery finally being
(D) has raised hopes that a recovery is finally
(E) raised hopes for a recovery finally
Concepts tested here: Subject-Verb Agreement + Tenses + Awkwardness/Redundancy• “being” is only to be used when it is part of a noun phrase or represents the passive continuous verb tense; the use of passive continuous must be justified in the context.
• The present perfect tense (marked by the use of the helping verb “has/have”) is used to describe events that concluded in the past but continue to affect the present.
• The simple past tense is used to refer to actions that concluded in the past.
• The past perfect tense (marked by the use of helping verb "had") is used when a sentence contains two actions in the past; the helping verb "had" is used with the action in the "greater past".
A: This answer choice incorrectly refers to the singular noun "surge" with the plural verb "have raised". Further, Option A uses the passive voice construction "there is a recovery", leading to awkwardness and redundancy.
B: This answer choice incorrectly uses the simple past tense verb "raised" to refer to an action that concluded in the past but continues to affect the present; please remember, the present perfect tense (marked by the use of the helping verb “has/have”) is used to describe events that concluded in the past but continue to affect the present, and the simple past tense is used to refer to actions that concluded in the past. Further, Option B incorrectly uses the word "being", rendering it passive and awkward; remember, “being” is only to be used when it is part of a noun phrase or represents the passive continuous verb tense; the use of passive continuous must be justified in the context.
C: This answer choice incorrectly uses the past perfect tense verb "had raised" to refer to an action that concluded in the past but continues to affect the present; please remember, the present perfect tense (marked by the use of the helping verb “has/have”) is used to describe events that concluded in the past but continue to affect the present, and the past perfect tense (marked by the use of helping verb "had") is used when a sentence contains two actions in the past; the helping verb "had" is used with the action in the "greater past". Further, Option C incorrectly uses the word "being", rendering it passive and awkward; remember, “being” is only to be used when it is part of a noun phrase or represents the passive continuous verb tense; the use of passive continuous must be justified in the context.
D: Correct. This answer choice correctly refers to the singular noun "surge" with the singular verb "has raised". Further, Option D correctly refers to an action that concluded in the past but continues to affect the present with the present perfect tense verb "has raised". Additionally, Option D is free of any awkwardness or redundancy.
E: This answer choice incorrectly uses the simple past tense verb "raised" to refer to an action that concluded in the past but continues to affect the present; please remember, the present perfect tense (marked by the use of the helping verb “has/have”) is used to describe events that concluded in the past but continue to affect the present, and the simple past tense is used to refer to actions that concluded in the past.
Hence, D is the best answer choice.To understand the use of "Being" on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (~2 minutes):
To understand the concept of "Simple Tenses" on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (~1 minute):
To understand the concept of "Present Perfect Tense" on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (~2 minutes):
All the best!
Experts' Global Team
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