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Although the industrial union organizations that emerged under the ban
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Updated on: 11 Nov 2023, 01:35
Updated on: 11 Nov 2023, 01:35
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Question 1
00:00
A
B
C
D
E
Difficulty:
45%
(medium)
based on 3423 sessions
57% (03:00) correct
43%
(03:10) wrong
Question 2
00:00
A
B
C
D
E
Difficulty:
75%
(hard)
based on 3291 sessions
37% (01:17) correct 63%
(01:14) wrong
Question 3
00:00
A
B
C
D
E
Difficulty:
15%
(low)
based on 3089 sessions
72% (00:44) correct 28%
(00:54) wrong NEW PROJECT!: Back to basic => Give your explanation- Get Kudos Point for best explanation
Passage-27 GMATPrep RCs-Collection(Main article)
Although the industrial union organizations that emerged under the banner of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) in the 1930s and 1940s embraced the principles of nondiscrimination and inclusion, the role of women within unions reflected the prevailing gender ideology of the period. Elizabeth Faue's study of the labor movement in Minneapolis argues that women were marginalized by union bureaucratization and by the separation of unions from the community politics from which industrial unionism had emerged. Faue stresses the importance of women's contribution to the development of unions at the community level, contributions that made women's ultimate fate within the city's labor movement all the more poignant: as unions reached the peak of their strength in the 1940s, the community base that had made their success possible and to which women's contributions were so vital became increasingly irrelevant to unions' institutional life.
In her study of CIO industrial unions from the 1930s to the 1970s, Nancy F. Gabin also acknowledges the pervasive male domination in the unions, but maintains that women workers were able to create a political space within some unions to advance their interests as women. Gabin shows that, despite the unions' tendency to marginalize women's issues, working women's demands were a constant undercurrent within the union, and she stresses the links between the unions' women activists and the wave of feminism that emerged in the 1960s.
In her study of CIO industrial unions from the 1930s to the 1970s, Nancy F. Gabin also acknowledges the pervasive male domination in the unions, but maintains that women workers were able to create a political space within some unions to advance their interests as women. Gabin shows that, despite the unions' tendency to marginalize women's issues, working women's demands were a constant undercurrent within the union, and she stresses the links between the unions' women activists and the wave of feminism that emerged in the 1960s.
1. According to the passage, Faue's study and Gabin's study agree in that both
A. attribute the inclusion of women in unions to the policies of the CIO
B. emphasize the importance of unions at the community level
C. argue that women played important roles in the establishment of industrial union organizations
D. suggest that women in industrial union organizations played a subordinate role
E. suggest that the interests of women workers were incompatible with those of unions in general
2. Which of the following can be inferred regarding the "gender ideology" mentioned in the highlighted text?
A. It prevented women from making significant contributions to the establishment of industrial unions.
B. It resulted from the marginalization of women in industrial unions.
C. It had a significant effect on the advancement of women's issues within industrial unions.
D. Its primary tenets were nondiscrimination and inclusion.
E. Its effects were mitigated by the growth of industrial unions.
3. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with
A. presenting two views
B. reconciling two antithetical claims
C. assessing conflicting evidence
D. weakening a generally accepted argument
E. tracing the development of an ideology
A. attribute the inclusion of women in unions to the policies of the CIO
B. emphasize the importance of unions at the community level
C. argue that women played important roles in the establishment of industrial union organizations
D. suggest that women in industrial union organizations played a subordinate role
E. suggest that the interests of women workers were incompatible with those of unions in general
2. Which of the following can be inferred regarding the "gender ideology" mentioned in the highlighted text?
A. It prevented women from making significant contributions to the establishment of industrial unions.
B. It resulted from the marginalization of women in industrial unions.
C. It had a significant effect on the advancement of women's issues within industrial unions.
D. Its primary tenets were nondiscrimination and inclusion.
E. Its effects were mitigated by the growth of industrial unions.
3. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with
A. presenting two views
B. reconciling two antithetical claims
C. assessing conflicting evidence
D. weakening a generally accepted argument
E. tracing the development of an ideology
Originally posted by PiyushK on 12 Aug 2014, 09:39.
Last edited by Sajjad1994 on 11 Nov 2023, 01:35, edited 3 times in total.
Last edited by Sajjad1994 on 11 Nov 2023, 01:35, edited 3 times in total.
Updated complete topic (97).
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Re: Although the industrial union organizations that emerged under the ban
[#permalink]
24 Jun 2017, 05:19
24 Jun 2017, 05:19
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1)
PARA 1: Elizabeth Faue's
... the role of women within unions reflected the prevailing gender ideology of the period..
.. women were marginalized by union bureaucratization..
PARA 2 : Nancy F. Gabin
..Nancy F. Gabin also acknowledges the pervasive male domination...
A – Inclusion of women could be attributed to non discrimination and inclusion policies but we can not infer that both ladies(E.F and NG) agreed on this point. Nowhere mentioned in the passage. – Eliminated
B – importance of unions at community level – again not mentioned in passage.
C- according to the passage –
” Faue stresses the importance of women’s contribution to the development of unions at the community level”
“Nancy F. Gabin also acknowledges the pervasive male domination in the unions, but maintains that women workers were able to create a political space within some unions to advance their interests as women”
But there is no mention of establishment of union – Eliminated
D – Both acknowledged pervasive male domination and women where marginalized. So it suggests that women played a subordinate role.
E – Interests of women workers were not compatible – Nowhere mentioned in the passage.
Hence D is correct.
2)
A. It prevented women from making significant contributions to the establishment of industrial unions
The passage says 'to which women's contributions were so vital' and 'Faue stresses the importance of women's contribution to the development of unions'. This clearly shows that women actually did contribute, nothing prevented them from doing so.
B. It resulted from the marginalization of women in Industrial unions
The passage says 'unions reflected the prevailing gender ideology of the period'. That means that the gender ideology existed before the unions did so it couldn't have resulted from the marginalization of women in industrial unions. In fact, it's probably the opposite - the marginalization of women resulted from the gender ideology.
C. It had a significant effect on the advancement of women's issues within industrial unions
Like I mentioned above, the passages suggests that gender ideology caused the marginalization of women in industrial unions. The passage states 'the community base [women] ...became increasingly irrelevant to unions' institutional life'. The industrial unions marginalized the women and their issues as they began to view them as irrelevant - you can infer that this is because of the prevailing gender ideology. The 'significant effect' is that gender ideology actually prevented the advancement of women issues. Thus the passage implies that the gender ideology negatively affected the way women's issues were treated and thus had a significant effect on the advancement of women's issues within industrial unions.
D. Its primary tenets were nondiscrimination and inclusion
Gender ideology is the exact opposite. The tenets of the industrial unions 'embraced the principles of nondiscrimination and inclusion'. The passages uses 'although' in the same sentence to suggest a contrast in the way they actually did treat issues and further states that 'the role of women... reflected the prevailing gender ideology' - the complete opposite of its tenets.
E. Its effects were mitigated by the growth of industrial unions
the passage states 'as unions reached the peak of their strength in the 1940s, the community base that had made their success possible and to which women's contributions were so vital became increasingly irrelevant to unions' institutional life.' This shows that as the unions grew, the way they viewed women and their issues became worse or irrelevant.
I probably wouldn't focus on the word women's issues - the purpose of industrial unions is to address and support issues of the industrial workers. The first passage is shows how gender ideology affected how women were viewed in industrial unions. A natural byproduct would be the way their issues were viewed and treated as well. In addition, the second passage implies that the viewpoint in the first paragraph is that women weren't really able to advance their interests through this statement: 'but maintains that women workers were able to create a political space within some unions to advance their interests as women.'
PARA 1: Elizabeth Faue's
... the role of women within unions reflected the prevailing gender ideology of the period..
.. women were marginalized by union bureaucratization..
PARA 2 : Nancy F. Gabin
..Nancy F. Gabin also acknowledges the pervasive male domination...
A – Inclusion of women could be attributed to non discrimination and inclusion policies but we can not infer that both ladies(E.F and NG) agreed on this point. Nowhere mentioned in the passage. – Eliminated
B – importance of unions at community level – again not mentioned in passage.
C- according to the passage –
” Faue stresses the importance of women’s contribution to the development of unions at the community level”
“Nancy F. Gabin also acknowledges the pervasive male domination in the unions, but maintains that women workers were able to create a political space within some unions to advance their interests as women”
But there is no mention of establishment of union – Eliminated
D – Both acknowledged pervasive male domination and women where marginalized. So it suggests that women played a subordinate role.
E – Interests of women workers were not compatible – Nowhere mentioned in the passage.
Hence D is correct.
2)
A. It prevented women from making significant contributions to the establishment of industrial unions
The passage says 'to which women's contributions were so vital' and 'Faue stresses the importance of women's contribution to the development of unions'. This clearly shows that women actually did contribute, nothing prevented them from doing so.
B. It resulted from the marginalization of women in Industrial unions
The passage says 'unions reflected the prevailing gender ideology of the period'. That means that the gender ideology existed before the unions did so it couldn't have resulted from the marginalization of women in industrial unions. In fact, it's probably the opposite - the marginalization of women resulted from the gender ideology.
C. It had a significant effect on the advancement of women's issues within industrial unions
Like I mentioned above, the passages suggests that gender ideology caused the marginalization of women in industrial unions. The passage states 'the community base [women] ...became increasingly irrelevant to unions' institutional life'. The industrial unions marginalized the women and their issues as they began to view them as irrelevant - you can infer that this is because of the prevailing gender ideology. The 'significant effect' is that gender ideology actually prevented the advancement of women issues. Thus the passage implies that the gender ideology negatively affected the way women's issues were treated and thus had a significant effect on the advancement of women's issues within industrial unions.
D. Its primary tenets were nondiscrimination and inclusion
Gender ideology is the exact opposite. The tenets of the industrial unions 'embraced the principles of nondiscrimination and inclusion'. The passages uses 'although' in the same sentence to suggest a contrast in the way they actually did treat issues and further states that 'the role of women... reflected the prevailing gender ideology' - the complete opposite of its tenets.
E. Its effects were mitigated by the growth of industrial unions
the passage states 'as unions reached the peak of their strength in the 1940s, the community base that had made their success possible and to which women's contributions were so vital became increasingly irrelevant to unions' institutional life.' This shows that as the unions grew, the way they viewed women and their issues became worse or irrelevant.
I probably wouldn't focus on the word women's issues - the purpose of industrial unions is to address and support issues of the industrial workers. The first passage is shows how gender ideology affected how women were viewed in industrial unions. A natural byproduct would be the way their issues were viewed and treated as well. In addition, the second passage implies that the viewpoint in the first paragraph is that women weren't really able to advance their interests through this statement: 'but maintains that women workers were able to create a political space within some unions to advance their interests as women.'
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Re: Although the industrial union organizations that emerged under the ban
[#permalink]
25 Sep 2015, 00:03
25 Sep 2015, 00:03
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Hello Steinbeck,
Thank you for the appreciation .
I approach Reading Comprehension questions as a Critical Reasoning one.
I look at the question first and then read the passage to infer what are the author's thoughts ?
For every paragraph ,think what is the purpose, why it is mentioned here ?
Try to identify the conclusion . Each passage will have a conclusion .
Also, even if you are a native speaker, cultivate the habit of reading .Read on wide variety of topics. It is very handy when solving RC questions
Let's take this passage as a example :
The conclusion is the 3rd line : " the role of women within unions reflected the prevailing gender ideology of the period"
Going ahead ,next set of lines defend the conclusion .
In the second paragraph, the author quotes another study to strengthen the conclusion.
So to summarize, this passage is about the role of women in a given period. Author provides two sets of study to strengthen the conclusion .
Keeping this conclusion in mind look at the questions.
Let me know if it helps.
Thank you for the appreciation .
I approach Reading Comprehension questions as a Critical Reasoning one.
I look at the question first and then read the passage to infer what are the author's thoughts ?
For every paragraph ,think what is the purpose, why it is mentioned here ?
Try to identify the conclusion . Each passage will have a conclusion .
Also, even if you are a native speaker, cultivate the habit of reading .Read on wide variety of topics. It is very handy when solving RC questions
Let's take this passage as a example :
The conclusion is the 3rd line : " the role of women within unions reflected the prevailing gender ideology of the period"
Going ahead ,next set of lines defend the conclusion .
In the second paragraph, the author quotes another study to strengthen the conclusion.
So to summarize, this passage is about the role of women in a given period. Author provides two sets of study to strengthen the conclusion .
Keeping this conclusion in mind look at the questions.
Let me know if it helps.
