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605-655 Level|   Assumption|                                    
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Can someone through light on option C

Posted from my mobile device
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Understanding the argument - 
­Although the school would receive financial benefits if it had soft drink vending machines in the cafeteria, we should not allow them. - contrast and conclusion
Allowing soft drink machines there would not be in our students' interest. - supporting premise for the conclusion. Why we should not allow? Because it's not in our student's best interests. 
If our students start drinking more soft drinks, they will be less healthy. - How is it not in their best interest? Because if they drink more soft drinks, they'll be less healthy. Oh, I see.

Be careful - The last line is a sufficient condition. If our students start drinking more soft drinks, there is a 100% possibility that they will be less healthy.

But the next question one should ask is do they really drink more. Because we don't know. If they drink less? Then, the argument collapses. So we need an assumption, a missing premise, or a necessary condition to say that it's 100% confirmed that they'll drink more. 

Option Elimination - Assumption 

(A) If the soft drink vending machines were placed in the cafeteria, students would consume more soft drinks as a result. Yes. If they are placed in the cafeteria, they 100% drink more. Ok. Confirms the sufficiently conditional. 

(B) The amount of soft drinks that most students at the school currently drink is not detrimental to their health. - more amount or less amount or whatever amount? We don't know. At best, it is a weakener. 

(C) Students are apt to be healthier if they do not drink soft drinks at all than if they just drink small amounts occasionally. - but how do we know that they don't drink at all if the machines are set up in the cafeteria? Ok, so maybe they'll drink small amounts? In that case, they'll be less healthy. 

Let's negate it. If they do not drink at all than....., students are not apt to be healthier. Meaning there is something else that contributes to their health. This is no impact or out of scope. 

(D) Students will not simply bring soft drinks from home if the soft drink vending machines are not placed in the cafeteria. - Let's unpack it. 
It says if the soft drink vending machines are not placed in the cafeteria, students will not bring them from home. Mild strengthener. 

Or let's negate it. If the soft drink vending machines are not placed in the cafeteria, students will bring them from home. But how much? We don't know. So, if they bring it, does it necessarily mean they consume it or fully? We don't know. So negation is a weak weakener. 

(E) The school's primary concern should be to promote good health among its students. - The school's concern is out of scope. 
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Hi @KarishmaB

Could you please explain why option D is not correct?
Please provide explanations with both normal logic and negation techniques.
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­Conc: If our students start drinking more soft drinks, they will be less healthy. (Remember it's a conditional in the conclusion)

(A) If the soft drink vending machines were placed in the cafeteria, students would consume more soft drinks as a result - Would the student's consume more soda because the vending machines are newly installed in the cafeteria? The logical implication being if they consume more soft drinks, they will be less healthy as a result. Negating the option - breaks the conclusion, i.e., consuming more soft drinks and thereby being less healthy. Keep 

(B) The amount of soft drinks that most students at the school currently drink is not detrimental to their health. Do students drink detrimental amount of soda at school? Now this could factor in the decision to install vending machines in the cafeteria, but isn't a necessary assumption for the conclusion above. They could be drinking unhealthy amounts or not, however, drinking more can always lead to poorer health. Drop

(C) Students are apt to be healthier if they do not drink soft drinks at all than if they just drink small amounts occasionally. Sounds like a generic statement, but doesn't substantiate the conclusion, i.e., the students will drink more and be less healthy as a result. Drop

(D) Students will not simply bring soft drinks from home if the soft drink vending machines are not placed in the cafeteria. Okay, assuming that the student's do bring soft drinks from home, how does this increase the consumption of soft-drinks by the students more than it is now? This leads to a further question - Are students allowed to bring soft drinks from home? This option leads to an ambiguous situation and doesn't answer the question. Drop

(E) The school's primary concern should be to promote good health among its students. What is the school's primary concern? Whether it's health or education or combination of the two, this doesn't answer the question - Will students be less healthy as a result of installing vending machines? Drop 
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a - Machines would not change how much soda students drink. Then there is no extra health risk, so the “don’t install” conclusion falls apart.
b - Current intake is already harmful. The machines would either raise intake further or keep it as is, either way, this doesn't break the argument.
c - Whether zero is better than a little is irrelevant; the conclusion needs only “increase = bad.” That premise is already in the stimulus, so C adds nothing essential.
d - So the negation : Without machines, they’ll just bring sodas themselves., this strengthens the argument. so this cant be an assumption because when an assumption is negated it must break the argument
e - concern is irrelevant to the argument
notwithstanding
Although the school would receive financial benefits if it had soft drink vending machines in the cafeteria, we should not allow them. Allowing soft drink machines there would not be in our students' interest. If our students start drinking more soft drinks, they will be less healthy.

The argument depends on which of the following?

(A) If the soft drink vending machines were placed in the cafeteria, students would consume more soft drinks as a result.

(B) The amount of soft drinks that most students at the school currently drink is not detrimental to their health.

(C) Students are apt to be healthier if they do not drink soft drinks at all than if they just drink small amounts occasionally.

(D) Students will not simply bring soft drinks from home if the soft drink vending machines are not placed in the cafeteria.

(E) The school's primary concern should be to promote good health among its students.


ID - CR08831

Vending Machines

Step 1: Identify the Question

The question asks which of the answers the argument depends on so this is a Find the Assumption question.

Step 2: Deconstruct the Argument

$ benefits soft drinks

© BUT No vm in caf

Bad for students à less healthy

Step 3: Pause and State the Goal

On Assumption questions, the correct answer is a piece of information that is necessary in order to draw the conclusion. This conclusion states that vending machines should not be allowed in the cafeteria because, if students drink more soft drinks, they’ll become less healthy. What information is needed to link the premises in this argument to the conclusion?

Step 4: Work from Wrong to Right

(A) CORRECT. In order for the vending machines to be harmful to the students’ health, they must result in the students drinking more soft drinks. If the vending machines did not result in additional consumption, the logic of the argument falls apart.

(B) The argument relies on the fact that the vending machines will result in increased soft drink consumption. How health is affected by current levels of soft-drink consumption does not provide information about whether more consumption could be harmful.

(C) The current amount of soft drinks consumed by students in unknown. The argument focuses on whether increased consumption would harm health. Whether no consumption is better than a small amount is not essential information to the argument.

(D) The argument does not attempt to prevent students from consuming soft drinks from any source; it argues merely that the school cafeteria should not provide the soft drinks. Discussing whether students might get soft drinks from home (or other places) does not impact the argument about having vending machines in the cafeteria.

(E) Promoting good health does not have to be the school’s primary concern for the conclusion to be valid. The plan could still make sense if the school was most concerned with educating students or some other goal.
­
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I picked D but how to eliminate it is that
The conclusion talks about start drinking more so if they bring from home or they drink at home thats normal drinking considered by the passage.
Drinking more indicates that vending machine will INDUCE them to drink more.

Additionally the passage doesn't talk about banning soft drinks just talks about school not causing students to drink MORE
notwithstanding
Although the school would receive financial benefits if it had soft drink vending machines in the cafeteria, we should not allow them. Allowing soft drink machines there would not be in our students' interest. If our students start drinking more soft drinks, they will be less healthy.

The argument depends on which of the following?

(A) If the soft drink vending machines were placed in the cafeteria, students would consume more soft drinks as a result.

(B) The amount of soft drinks that most students at the school currently drink is not detrimental to their health.

(C) Students are apt to be healthier if they do not drink soft drinks at all than if they just drink small amounts occasionally.

(D) Students will not simply bring soft drinks from home if the soft drink vending machines are not placed in the cafeteria.

(E) The school's primary concern should be to promote good health among its students.


ID - CR08831

Vending Machines

Step 1: Identify the Question

The question asks which of the answers the argument depends on so this is a Find the Assumption question.

Step 2: Deconstruct the Argument

$ benefits soft drinks

© BUT No vm in caf

Bad for students à less healthy

Step 3: Pause and State the Goal

On Assumption questions, the correct answer is a piece of information that is necessary in order to draw the conclusion. This conclusion states that vending machines should not be allowed in the cafeteria because, if students drink more soft drinks, they’ll become less healthy. What information is needed to link the premises in this argument to the conclusion?

Step 4: Work from Wrong to Right

(A) CORRECT. In order for the vending machines to be harmful to the students’ health, they must result in the students drinking more soft drinks. If the vending machines did not result in additional consumption, the logic of the argument falls apart.

(B) The argument relies on the fact that the vending machines will result in increased soft drink consumption. How health is affected by current levels of soft-drink consumption does not provide information about whether more consumption could be harmful.

(C) The current amount of soft drinks consumed by students in unknown. The argument focuses on whether increased consumption would harm health. Whether no consumption is better than a small amount is not essential information to the argument.

(D) The argument does not attempt to prevent students from consuming soft drinks from any source; it argues merely that the school cafeteria should not provide the soft drinks. Discussing whether students might get soft drinks from home (or other places) does not impact the argument about having vending machines in the cafeteria.

(E) Promoting good health does not have to be the school’s primary concern for the conclusion to be valid. The plan could still make sense if the school was most concerned with educating students or some other goal.
­
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Sometimes. Medium level questions can be trickier than hard ones

Although the school would receive financial benefits if it had soft drink vending machines in the cafeteria, we should not allow them. Allowing soft drink machines there would not be in our students' interest. If our students start drinking more soft drinks, they will be less healthy.

Premise, If our students start drinking more soft drinks, they will be less healthy.

Conclusion: We should not allow soft drink vending machines.

Let's go from E to A.

(E) The school's primary concern should be to promote good health among its students.
Primary or not primary, the concern is...We don't care about what should or shouldn't be the concern. This option deviates us from the aim of the argument. The Aim is to analyse the impact of soft drink vending machines, not what should be the concern of the school.

(D) Students will not simply bring soft drinks from home if the soft drink vending machines are not placed in the cafeteria.
I initially chose this answer and was wrong, and seeing nearly 25% of the students chose this, definitely means that this is tricky and a confusing choice.

Now here you see, this very well caters the conclusion. Is well within the scope of the argument. but the problem here is that it might be a strengthener, but its not an assumption. (All assumptions are strengtheners, but not all strengtheners are assumptions).

Let's apply the negation test.
Students will bring soft drinks from home if the vending machine is not installed.
Let's go step by step.

Point 1. Even if they bring, what makes us this think that this will be increased to the level that would have been, if the vending machine was there.

Point 2. The Negation doesn't shatter the conclusion. Even if they bring, then also students can buy from vending machines and their levels will increase.

So this point is tricky, but fails.
A Key Learning from this point.
In an Assumption we don't see whether it supports an argument or not/ strengthens the argument or not. But rather are the DEFINITELY required for the argument to stand.
As I said, All assumptions are strengtheners, but not all strengtheners are assumptions.

(C) Students are apt to be healthier if they do not drink soft drinks at all than if they just drink small amounts occasionally.
What is this answer even? Waste of time.
We are concerned about the increase from a certain level.

(B) The amount of soft drinks that most students at the school currently drink is not detrimental to their health.
Bad answer, Opposite.
Negating it. The amount of soft drink that most students at the school currently drink IS DETRIMENTAL to their health.
This Negation is in fact, Strengthening the conclusion.

(A) If the soft drink vending machines were placed in the cafeteria, students would consume more soft drinks as a result.
Yes. This is the answer. Why?
Let's just negate it.
If the soft drink vending machines were placed in cafeteria, students would not consume more soft drink.
Hmm... Now we place 10 New or 1 Million new machines. If the students are self aware of their limits, than placing the vending machine will not be detrimental to health.
So A is the Answer.

Learning, in an assumption question there might be a close choice between a mild strengthener and an assumption. but remember, assumption is something that should MUST Be true in order for an argument to hold... All assumptions are strengtheners, but not all strengtheners are assumptions.
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