Among the many temptations of the digital age, manipulation of photographs has proved particularly troublesome for science. Recently, a journal of cellular biology began using a software tool to examine the digital images submitted along with articles for publication. It discovered that dozens of authors had submitted digital images that had been manipulated in ways that violated the journal's guidelines. Clearly, scientific fraud is a widespread problem among the authors submitting to that journal.

Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?

(A) The scientists who submitted manjpulated images were aware that the journal used software to examine digital images for evidence of manipulation.
(B) The journal requires that all articles submitted for publication include digital images.
(C) Scientific fraud is possible in the field of cellular biology only if the research is documented with digital images.
(D) Many of the scientists who submitted articles with manipulated images did so in order to misrepresent the information conveyed by those images.
(E) Scientific fraud is a widespread problem only among scientists who submit articles to journals of cellular biology.

LSAT
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Among the many temptations of the digital age, manipulation of photographs has proved particularly troublesome for science. Recently, a journal of cellular biology began using a software tool to examine the digital images submitted along with articles for publication. It discovered that dozens of authors had submitted digital images that had been manipulated in ways that violated the journal's guidelines. Clearly, scientific fraud is a widespread problem among the authors submitting to that journal.

Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?

(A) The scientists who submitted manjpulated images were aware that the journal used software to examine digital images for evidence of manipulation.
Even if the scientists knew about the software it doesn't tell us whether the scientists were fraud.

(B) The journal requires that all articles submitted for publication include digital images.
Requirement is not the required assumption

(C) Scientific fraud is possible in the field of cellular biology only if the research is documented with digital images.
Only if --this makes the option exaggerated

(D) Many of the scientists who submitted articles with manipulated images did so in order to misrepresent the information conveyed by those images.
Correct. If the scientists had fraudulent intentions then it closes the gap in the argument

(E) Scientific fraud is a widespread problem only among scientists who submit articles to journals of cellular biology.
We are worried about the particular journal and not all the journals in general
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A. Verification doesn’t prove anything one way or another. The scientists might have intended fraud even if they knew there were verifications, thinking they wouldn’t get
caught.

B. This doesn’t tell us whether the images were submitted with fraud in mind. Requiring an image doesn’t make an honest person fraudulent or a fraudulent person honest.

C. The negation of this doesn’t affect the argument.
Negation: Fraud can happen whether or not research has images.

D.CORRECT. Fraud requires intent. If you negate this then few scientists intended to commit fraud when they manipulated images. Remember, the conclusion is that fraud is a widespread problem.
Negation: Not many (i.e. few to zero) scientists manipulated images with fraudulent intent.

E. This is not necessary.
Negation: Widespread scientific fraud is possible in many fields, not just cellular biology.

Option D is a 'Must be true' in this case, hence correct choice.