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An estimated 80 million to 100 million Americans have nonalcoholic fat

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raghavrf
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An estimated 80 million to 100 million Americans have nonalcoholic fat [#permalink] New post   27 Jan 2019, 00:13
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51% (01:16) correct 49% (01:19) wrong based on 520 sessions
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An estimated 80 million to 100 million Americans have nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which causes the liver to swell with dangerous levels of fat.

A. disease, which causes the liver to swell with dangerous levels of fat
B. causing the liver to swell with dangerous levels of fat
C. disease, and causes the liver to swell with dangerous levels of fat
D. disease that causes the liver to swell with dangerous levels of fat
E. disease; causing the liver to swell with dangerous levels of fat


Ref: This sentence is a part of NYT article.

If you liked the question, please appreciate by giving a kudos :thumbup:. Good answer will inturn be appreciated.
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Re: An estimated 80 million to 100 million Americans have nonalcoholic fat [#permalink] New post   27 Jan 2019, 03:06
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I don't think GMAT is interested in the usage of 'that' vs ', which' as the usage is controversial. Not much to learn here.
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Re: An estimated 80 million to 100 million Americans have nonalcoholic fat [#permalink] New post   27 Jan 2019, 00:25
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Please highlight the modifier usage in this sentence and the various options.
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Re: An estimated 80 million to 100 million Americans have nonalcoholic fat [#permalink] New post   09 Apr 2020, 00:23
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My 2 cents for this SC problem is as below.

Screening A and D out of given choices,

X, which Y: Here Y is general phenomena related to X.
X that Y Here X has specific characteristic Y.

Considering the intent of statement, A is better choice.
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Re: An estimated 80 million to 100 million Americans have nonalcoholic fat [#permalink] New post   10 Jun 2021, 09:18
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In addition to that vs which there is one more thing i would like to understand.

In option A there is "comma + which" whereas in option D there is "that"

What does "comma + which" mean?

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An estimated 80 million to 100 million Americans have nonalcoholic fat [#permalink] New post   10 Jun 2021, 10:02
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LaveenaPanchal wrote:
In addition to that vs which there is one more thing i would like to understand.

In option A there is "comma + which" whereas in option D there is "that"

What does "comma + which" mean?

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we always separate a descriptive modifier ( non essential modifier ,basically if we remove this part of sentence the meaning of the sentence wouldn't be changed) from the entity being modified by a comma
Where as restrictive modifier ( which provides important information about the entity) is not separated by a comma

"Which" is always a descriptive modifier and hence is always preceded by a comma
"that" on the other hand is a restrictive modifier which is never preceded by a comma
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Re: An estimated 80 million to 100 million Americans have nonalcoholic fat [#permalink] New post   10 Jun 2021, 10:15
This is my understanding about "which" and "that"

"which" and "that" are relative pronouns so they can refer to a noun
"that" can also be used as a connector. Ex: The weather forecast department predicted that May will be the hottest month of the year

for "which", the referring noun should be immediately before it. There can be a gap between the referring noun and "that"

In the given question I eliminated choice with "that" because "that" could refer to fatty liver disease or An estimate
whereas "which" can only refers to fatty liver disease

So I choose option A
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Re: An estimated 80 million to 100 million Americans have nonalcoholic fat [#permalink] New post   21 Feb 2023, 02:55
I admire the way you screen out A and D at the first sight, and make a comparison, it is so talented. But I'm confused as a non-English speaker, why can't use the -ing modifier to modify the former part "An estimated 80 million to 100 million Americans have nonalcoholic fatty liver disease"? I mean, what's the reason for not choosing E? Many thanks!
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Re: An estimated 80 million to 100 million Americans have nonalcoholic fat [#permalink] New post   14 Mar 2023, 11:40
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dameili wrote:
I admire the way you screen out A and D at the first sight, and make a comparison, it is so talented. But I'm confused as a non-English speaker, why can't use the -ing modifier to modify the former part "An estimated 80 million to 100 million Americans have nonalcoholic fatty liver disease"? I mean, what's the reason for not choosing E? Many thanks!

When we use a semicolon in this context, it should separate two independent clauses, meaning each part should be able to stand on its own as a complete sentence. In (E), the portion after the semicolon, "causing the liver to swell with dangerous levels of fat," couldn't stand on its own, so we have a concrete grammar error.

There's also a meaning problem here. The fact that many people have the disease doesn't cause the liver to swell; it's the disease itself that causes the liver to swell, so the modifier, as written in (E), isn't logical.

Either issue alone is enough to get rid of (E).

I hope that clears things up!
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Re: An estimated 80 million to 100 million Americans have nonalcoholic fat [#permalink] New post   21 Sep 2023, 15:25
gvij2017 wrote:
My 2 cents for this SC problem is as below.

Screening A and D out of given choices,

X, which Y: Here Y is general phenomena related to X.
X that Y Here X has specific characteristic Y.

Considering the intent of statement, A is better choice.



could you please elaborate a little more, I did not get the reasons to distinguish to between which and that
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Re: An estimated 80 million to 100 million Americans have nonalcoholic fat [#permalink]
21 Sep 2023, 15:25
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