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Bunuel
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Active GMAT Club Expert! Tag them with @ followed by their username for a faster response.
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We are asked:
What is the probability of rolling 1 both times with an n-sided die?

Let’s denote:
P(1,1) = Probability of rolling 1 on both rolls = (1/n) × (1/n) = 1/n2
So, we need to find the value of n to get the probability.

Statement (1):
P(different numbers in two rolls) = 80% = 0.8
Total probability = 1
So, P(same number on both rolls) = 1 − 0.8 = 0.2

Now, total number of outcomes = n × n = n2
Number of outcomes where both rolls are the same = n (e.g., (1,1), (2,2), ..., (n,n))
So,
P(same) = n / n2 = 1/n
We are told: 1/n = 0.2 → n = 5

Then,
P(1,1) = 1/5 × 1/5 = 1/25
We can compute exact value → Sufficient

Statement (2):
Directly gives: P(same) = 1/n
Which is always true for a fair n-sided die
→ This is a tautology, tells us nothing new → Cannot determine n → Insufficient

Answer: A
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Bunuel
An n-sided die has sides labeled with the numbers 1 through n, inclusive, and has an equal probability of landing on any side when rolled. If the die is rolled twice, what is the probability of rolling 1 both times?

(1) If the die is rolled twice, the probability that the two rolls are different is 80%.

(1) If the die is rolled twice, the probability that the two rolls are equal is 1/n


­
An n-sided die has sides labeled with the numbers 1 through n, inclusive, and has an equal probability of landing on any side when rolled.

Probability of getting a number between 1 and n (BOTH inclusive ) = 1/n .

To find: The probability of rolling 1 both times ?

Statement 1:

The probability of both rolls being different is 80% = 4/5 ,


Probability of both rolls being same = 1- (4/5) = 1/5

Thus probability of getting 1 twice = (1/5) * (1/5) = 1/25 . Hence Sufficient

Statement 2:

If the die is rolled twice, the probability that the two rolls are equal is 1/n

Two rolls getting 1 = (1/n)* (1/n) = 1/n^2

NOT SUFFICIENT

Hence, Option A
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Probability of rolling 1 both times= (1/n)*(1/n)=1/N2

(1) If the die is rolled twice, the probability that the two rolls are different is 80%.
1/n=100%-80%, 1/n=20%
So, n=5
Probability of rolling 1 twice= 1/25
Sufficient

(1) If the die is rolled twice, the probability that the two rolls are equal is 1/n
Not sufficient

Answer: A
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