As a large corporation in a small country, Hachnut wants its managers to have international experience, so each year it sponsors management education abroad for its management trainees. Hachnut has found, however, that the attrition rate of graduates from this program is very high, with many of them leaving Hachnut to join competing firms soon after completing the program. Hachnut does use performance during the program as a criterion in deciding among candidates for management positions, but both this function and the goal of providing international experience could be achieved in other ways. Therefore, if the attrition problem cannot be successfully addressed, Hachnut should discontinue the sponsorship program.
In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?
This is a Boldface question, and the correct answer will accurately describe the roles of the two portions of the passage in boldface.
To answer the question, we first analyze the passage.
To analyze the passage, start by looking for a main conclusion. In this case, the main conclusion is the following:
Therefore, if the attrition problem cannot be successfully addressed, Hachnut should discontinue the sponsorship program.
The other statements in the passage play the following roles:
Background information: As a large corporation in a small country, Hachnut wants its managers to have international experience, so each year it sponsors management education abroad for its management trainees.
Support for the conclusion: Hachnut has found, however, that the attrition rate of graduates from this program is very high, with many of them leaving Hachnut to join competing firms soon after completing the program.
Concession statement that presents a reason to continue the program: Hachnut does use performance during the program as a criterion in deciding among candidates for management positions
More support for the conclusion: both this function and the goal of providing international experience could be achieved in other ways
Now, let's go to the answer choices.
(A) The first describes a practice that the argument seeks to justify; the second states a judgment that is used in support of a justification for that practice.
The first boldfaced portion does describe a practice, but the first part of this choice is incorrect because the practice of sponsoring management education abroad is not one that the argument "seeks to justify." On the contrary, the main conclusion is that "if the attrition problem cannot be successfully addressed, Hachnut should discontinue the sponsorship program."
Also, the second part of this choice is incorrect because the second boldfaced portion does not "support a justification" of the practice of sponsoring management education abroad. Rather, the fact stated by the second boldfaced portion is a reason to consider discontinuing the practice.
Eliminate.
(B) The first describes a practice that the argument seeks to explain; the second presents part of the argument’s explanation of that practice.
The first part of this choice is incorrect because, although the first boldfaced portion does describe a practice, it's not a practice that the argument "seeks to explain." Rather, it's a practice for which the argument presents pros and cons, or seeks to evaluate.
So, the second part of this choice is also incorrect because the second boldfaced portion does not present an "explanation" of the practice of sponsoring management education abroad.
Eliminate.
(C) The first introduces a practice that the argument seeks to evaluate; the second provides grounds for holding that the practice cannot achieve its objective.
The first part of this choice is correct since the first boldfaced portion does introduce the practice of sponsoring management education abroad, which the argument does seek to evaluate.
However, the second part of this choice, while close to correct, is not quite correct. After all, the second boldfaced portion does not present a reason why the practice "cannot achieve its objective." Rather, the second boldfaced portion indicates that the purpose of the practice "could be achieved in other ways."
Eliminate.
(D) The first introduces a policy that the argument seeks to evaluate; the second provides grounds for holding that the policy is not needed.
The first part of this choice is correct since the first boldfaced portion introduces what could be called "a policy" of sponsoring management education abroad, which the argument does seek to evaluate.
Also, the second part of this choice is correct because the fact that "both this function and the goal of providing international experience could be achieved in other ways" is a reason why the "policy" of sponsoring management education abroad is "not needed," since its purpose "could be achieved in other ways.
"Policy" may not be the best word to use in this context. "Practice" is a better word for naming the act of sponsoring management education abroad. At the same time, "policy" is close enough to make this choice the correct answer, since none of the other choices work.
Keep.
(E) The first introduces a consideration supporting a policy that the argument seeks to evaluate; the second provides evidence for concluding that the policy should be abandoned.
The first part of this choice is incorrect because the first boldfaced portion presents the "policy" of sponsoring management education abroad rather than "a consideration supporting that policy."
We could argue that the second boldfaced portion does provide "evidence for concluding that the policy should be abandoned." At the same time the conclusion of the argument is not exactly that the practice should be abandoned. So, the second part of this choice does not quite capture the role of the second boldfaced portion.
In any case, since the first part of this choice is clearly incorrect, we can confidently eliminate this choice.
Eliminate.
Correct answer: (D)