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Sub 505 Level|   Comparisons|            
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As Hurricane Hugo approached the Atlantic coast, it increased dramatic 20 Mar 2022, 20:00
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Becoming the 10th most....and the....( correct parallelism).
Eliminate A,B,E.

Hugo has been the most intense one after the year of 1969, when Camile occured, but D changes it saying that Hugo is the second most intense hurricane ever (sounds like) after Camile, but we already know that it is not true from the previous part of the sentence.

D-which modifying 1969.wrong.

C - correct

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As Hurricane Hugo approached the Atlantic coast, it increased dramatic 05 Apr 2022, 00:54
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As Hurricane Hugo approached the Atlantic coast, it increased dramatically in strength, becoming the tenth most intense hurricane to hit the United States mainland in the twentieth century and most intense since Camille in 1969.


- As (dependent clause marker) Hurricane Hugo (sub) approached (verb) the Atlantic coast,
it (antecedent hurricane) increased (verb) dramatically (adverb describing increased) in strength

- , becoming (comma + ing - providing the result of intense hurricane. It should also make sense with the subject of the modifying clause) the tenth most (degree) intense hurricane to hit (noun) the United States mainland in the twentieth century
- and (parallelism marker) (if we open up the two parallel phrases - the 10th most intense and 10th most intense - error 1)most intense since Camille in 1969.

meaning - the hurricane was so strong that it became the 10th most intense in 20th century and the most intense since 1969.


(B) most intense after Camille in 1969
same as A

(C) the most intense since Camille in 1969
correct

(D) the most intense after 1969, which had Camille
absurd

(E) since 1969 and Camille, the most intense
Camile was in 1969 - not 2 different events
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As Hurricane Hugo approached the Atlantic coast, it increased dramatic 06 Jun 2022, 22:51
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Dear experts,
could you enlighten why we do not employ the present perfect tense in the main clause, when we utilize the preposition "since"?

Thanks beforehand.
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As Hurricane Hugo approached the Atlantic coast, it increased dramatic 07 Jun 2022, 01:00
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BLTN
Dear experts,
could you enlighten why we do not employ the present perfect tense in the main clause, when we utilize the preposition "since"?

Thanks beforehand.
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Hello BLTN,

We hope this finds you well.

To answer your query, the main clause - "it increased dramatically in strength" - is modified by the phrase "As Hurricane Hugo approached the Atlantic coast"; the use of "As" conveys that the actions of "approaching" and "increasing" happened at the same time; thus, since "approached" is in the simple past tense, "increased" must be as well.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
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As Hurricane Hugo approached the Atlantic coast, it increased dramatic 07 Jun 2022, 01:48
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BLTN
Dear experts,
could you enlighten why we do not employ the present perfect tense in the main clause, when we utilize the preposition "since"?
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Present Perfect tense is used when the timeframe of reference is till now.

So, both the following sentences are correct:

1) In 1990, Tendulkar scored his maiden century, becoming the second youngest to score a century since Mushtaq Mohammad in 1961.
- Notice that the timeframe of reference is from 1961 till 1990. Since the timeframe of reference is not till now, we cannot use present perfect.

2) In cricketing history, Tendulkar has been the second youngest to score a century.
- Notice that the timeframe of reference is from whenever cricket started, till now. Since the timeframe of reference is till now, use of present perfect is appropriate.

The sentence under consideration mentions the timeframe from 1969 till 20th century. Since the timeframe of reference is not till now, we cannot use present perfect.
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As Hurricane Hugo approached the Atlantic coast, it increased dramatic 07 Jun 2022, 09:36
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BLTN
Dear experts,
could you enlighten why we do not employ the present perfect tense in the main clause, when we utilize the preposition "since"?

Thanks beforehand.
Show more
"Since Camille" does not modify a verb in this sentence. Rather it modifies "the most intense (hurricane)," specifying that it is "the most intense (hurricane) since Camille."

So, it has no effect on the tense of any verb in the sentence.
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As Hurricane Hugo approached the Atlantic coast, it increased dramatic 24 Jun 2022, 12:17
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What's the meaning of "Most intense since Camille 1969"
A) Does it means "It is the most intense from the time of camille in 1969?
B) Or does it means "It is the most intense upto to the point when camiliie hit in 1969"
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As Hurricane Hugo approached the Atlantic coast, it increased dramatic 26 Sep 2022, 16:01
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Vatsal7794
What's the meaning of "Most intense since Camille 1969"
A) Does it means "It is the most intense from the time of camille in 1969?
B) Or does it means "It is the most intense upto to the point when camiliie hit in 1969"
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Sorry for the ridiculously long wait, Vatsal7794!

It's the first one:

  • Camille hit the US in 1969.
  • Hugo hit sometime AFTER Camille.
  • Between the time Camille hit (1969) and whenever Hugo hit, no other hurricane was as intense as Hugo.

I hope that helps a bit!
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As Hurricane Hugo approached the Atlantic coast, it increased dramatic Updated on: 29 Oct 2022, 05:43
Originally posted by MukuDawra on 25 Oct 2022, 01:02.
Last edited by MukuDawra on 29 Oct 2022, 05:43, edited 1 time in total.
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In option B is there only one error? Missing 'the' before most intense.
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As Hurricane Hugo approached the Atlantic coast, it increased dramatic 27 Oct 2022, 14:47
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In option D is there only one error? Missing 'the' before most intense.
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In (D), there is a "the" before "most intense." So, there is no error involving missing "the" in (D).

Do you mean choice (A)?

In the (A) version, the only issue is that "the" is missing before "most intense."

In the (B) version, there are two issues. One is that "the" is missing before "most intense." The other is that (B) uses "after" rather than "since."

"Since Camille in 1969" clearly and effectively communicates the logical meaning that, during the period of time following the occurrence of Camille in 1969, Hugo became the most intense hurricane to occur.

"After Camille in 1969" does not as effectively convey a logical meaning. It seems to convey that, in 1969, right "after Camille," Hugo became the most intense hurricane. The idea that right after Camille, Hugo became "the most intense" doesn't really make sense. It leaves us wondering in terms of what was Hugo the most intense. Is the point that other hurricanes occurred right "after Camille" and Hugo was the most intense of all of them? While this idea is not completely impossible, we can use common sense to see that the idea that Hugo was most intense right "after Camille" is not the idea the sentence is meant to convey.
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As Hurricane Hugo approached the Atlantic coast, it increased dramatic Updated on: 31 Oct 2022, 02:07
Originally posted by egmat on 28 Oct 2022, 07:23.
Last edited by egmat on 31 Oct 2022, 02:07, edited 2 times in total.
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Hey Amandawr

Happy to help you with this query.



But there seems to be some confusion. Choice D does not have a missing ‘the’ before ‘most intense’. So, I guess this was a typo.



Nevertheless, here’s my analysis of all the incorrect choices:



A. Choice A actually has only one error: the missing ‘the’ before ‘most intense’.



B. Choice B has a couple of serious errors, one grammatical and the other a serious meaning based error. The grammatical error is the missing ‘the’ before ‘most intense’.

However, even more interesting is the case of the phrase ‘after Camille'. Let’s understand this very carefully:

The sentence starts by saying that Hurricane Hugo is the tenth most intense hurricane to hit the US mainland in the twentieth century. And then it intends to say that, in the period extending from the time Camille occurred in 1969 to the time Hugo occurred, Hugo was the most intense hurricane to hit the US mainland. So, we do NOT know whether Camille was one of the ten most intense hurricanes of the twentieth century to hit the US mainland.

But then, choice B says that Hurricane Hugo is “most intense after Camille in 1969”. This could mean that Hugo was second in intensity only to Camille. And because Camille also occurred in the twentieth century, that would make Camille the most intense and Hugo the second most intense hurricane in the twentieth century. This would be a DIRECT CONTRADICTION of what’s mentioned at the start of the sentence. That said, 'after' could also be interpreted as a substitute for 'since'. These conflicting interpretations make choice B an example of ineffective communication.



D. Choice D has the potential for the exact same meaning contradiction as does choice B, as explained above. However, the clause ‘which had Camille’ makes no sense whatsoever.



E. Choice E separates Camille from 1969, another major meaning distortion.



I hope this improves your understanding and helps you realize the importance of meaning analysis in GMAT Sentence Correction.



Happy Learning!



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As Hurricane Hugo approached the Atlantic coast, it increased dramatic 29 Oct 2022, 06:10
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egmat


Happy to help you with this query.



But there seems to be some confusion. Choice D does not have a missing ‘the’ before ‘most intense’. So, I guess this was a typo.



Nevertheless, here’s my analysis of all the incorrect choices:



A. Choice A actually has only one error: the missing ‘the’ before ‘most intense’.



B. Choice B has a couple of serious errors, one grammatical and the other a serious meaning based error. The grammatical error is the missing ‘the’ before ‘most intense’.

However, even more interesting is the case of the phrase ‘after Camille'. Let’s understand this very carefully:

The sentence starts by saying that Hurricane Hugo is the tenth most intense hurricane to hit the US mainland in the twentieth century. And then it intends to say that, in the period extending from the time Camille occurred in 1969 to the time Hugo occurred, Hugo was the most intense hurricane to hit the US mainland. So, we do NOT know whether Camille was one of the ten most intense hurricanes of the twentieth century to hit the US mainland.

But then, choice B says that Hurricane Hugo is “the most intense after Camille in 1969”. This means that Hugo was second in intensity only to Camille. And because Camille also occurred in the twentieth century, that would make Camille the most intense and Hugo the second most intense hurricane in the twentieth century. This is a DIRECT CONTRADICTION of what’s mentioned at the start of the sentence.



D. Choice D has the exact same meaning contradiction as does choice B, as explained above. Moreover, the clause ‘which had Camille’ makes no sense whatsoever.



E. Choice E separates Camille from 1969, another major meaning distortion.



I hope this improves your understanding and helps you realize the importance of meaning analysis in GMAT Sentence Correction.



Happy Learning!



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Hi Abhishek

Thanks for your reply.

Actually it was a typo from my end. Sorry for that. I was actually confused with (B)
I am still confused with meaning issue that you have explained.

My analysis of option (B)

As Hurricane Hugo approached the Atlantic coast, it increased dramatically in strength, becoming the tenth most intense hurricane to hit the United States mainland in the twentieth century and most intense after Camille in 1969.

If we add 'the' before second parallel element. Then 2 elements are:

1) Becoming the tenth most intense hurricane to hit United States mainland in the twentieth century.
2) Becoming the most intense after Camille in 1969.

Then I think there is no meaning issue in the sentence as it says that Hurricane Hugo is the tenth most intense hurricane to hit US in twentieth century. Secondly it is the most intense hurricane but only after Camille in 1969. So Camille could be the 9th, 8th or any number below the 10.
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As Hurricane Hugo approached the Atlantic coast, it increased dramatic 29 Oct 2022, 20:57
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MukuDawra

You are reading "after" as interchangeable with "since." e-GMAT's explanation relies on that idea that "the most . . after X" can mean "the second most." I don't agree that we MUST read B that way, but it's still an interesting point. Generally, we would use "since" to convey what the sentence is actually trying to say--that in the period of time following Camille, this was the most intense hurricane. Therefore, one could argue that if we don't want to use "after" in the way e-GMAT is describing, there's no good reason to use it at all. Of course, this is all academic since B is missing "the," but given a choice, I'd still pick "since" over "after" for this context.
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As Hurricane Hugo approached the Atlantic coast, it increased dramatic 31 Oct 2022, 02:15
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Hey MukuDawra

Happy to elaborate. Let's take a closer look at the choice B version of the sentence once again:

As Hurricane Hugo approached the Atlantic coast, it increased dramatically in strength, becoming the tenth most intense hurricane to hit the United States mainland in the twentieth century and most intense after Camille in 1969.


You're not wrong to think that this version could imply that Camille was the ninth. But this could also very easily be interpreted as Camille ranking first and Hugo ranking second.
Here are a few more examples of this common usage of 'after' denoting 'rank':

i. John is the fastest bowler on the team after Jason. (Jason is the fastest; John is the second fastest.)
ii. After Mumbai, Delhi is the most populated city in India. (Mumbai is the most populated; Delhi is the second most populated.)

So, when we say, Hugo became (the) most intense after Camille, it could mean that Camille ranked 1 and Hugo ranked 2.


I do agree with DmitryFarber that this is not the only interpretation of choice B. We have your interpretation, and then we also have the one in which 'after' is considered a substitute for 'since' to refer to the time period extending from the time Camille occurred to the time Hugo occurred. And the case of the missing 'the' makes B all the more incorrect. But the point of this entire discussion was only to highlight the existence of this interpretation of the phrase 'after Camille', which must not slip our attention.


I hope this helped improve your understanding. Please feel free to revert if you still have questions.


Happy Learning!

Abhishek
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As Hurricane Hugo approached the Atlantic coast, it increased dramatic 30 Dec 2023, 11:28
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