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555-605 (Medium)|   Assumption|                  
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jabhatta2
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Commentator: The theory of trade retaliation states that countries clo 12 Dec 2022, 14:22
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MartyTargetTestPrep - My question is on the conclusion (in red) - is my interpretation of the red accurate ?

Quote:

Commentator: The theory of trade retaliation states that countries closed out of any of another country’s markets should close some of their own markets to the other country in order to pressure the other country to reopen its markets. If every country acted according to this theory, no country would trade with any other.

The commentator’s argument relies on which of the following assumptions?
Show more


Lets say there are 200 countries on planet earth.

Country (1) and Country (2) are two countries that have closed off their markets completely to each other.

Based on the red -- isnt Country (1) having a problem with ALL REMAINING 199 countries AS WELL ?

That means -- Country (1) has a problem with the remaining 199 countries
Country (2) has a problem with the remaining 199 countries
Country (3) has a problem with the remaining 199 countries
Country (4) has a problem with the remaining 199 countries
Country (5) has a problem with the remaining 199 countries
Country (6) has a problem with the remaining 199 countries
.................

Every country on this planet MUST HAVE A PROBLEM with EVERY OTHER country (remaining 199) for the red to be true

I thought the red implied the underline

Thoughts ?
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Commentator: The theory of trade retaliation states that countries clo 12 Dec 2022, 15:23
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jabhatta2
MartyTargetTestPrep - My question is on the conclusion (in red) - is my interpretation of the red accurate ?

Quote:

Commentator: The theory of trade retaliation states that countries closed out of any of another country’s markets should close some of their own markets to the other country in order to pressure the other country to reopen its markets. If every country acted according to this theory, no country would trade with any other.

The commentator’s argument relies on which of the following assumptions?


Lets say there are 200 countries on planet earth.

Country (1) and Country (2) are two countries that have closed off their markets completely to each other.

Based on the red -- isnt Country (1) having a problem with ALL REMAINING 199 countries AS WELL ?

That means -- Country (1) has a problem with the remaining 199 countries
Country (2) has a problem with the remaining 199 countries
Country (3) has a problem with the remaining 199 countries
Country (4) has a problem with the remaining 199 countries
Country (5) has a problem with the remaining 199 countries
Country (6) has a problem with the remaining 199 countries
.................

Every country on this planet MUST HAVE A PROBLEM with EVERY OTHER country (remaining 199) for the red to be true

I thought the red implied the underline

Thoughts ?
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Hi jabhatta2.

Take another look to better understand what "this theory" is.

It's not for a country to close its markets to all other countries.
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Commentator: The theory of trade retaliation states that countries clo 13 Dec 2022, 07:30
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Hi MartyTargetTestPrep - "This Theory" - is certainly is about trade retaliation. Furthermore if you read the green bit - it is generic

However the conclusion in the red is MORE specific

Specifically, the phrase (in the yellow highlight) -- "any other"

Quote:
Commentator: The theory of trade retaliation states that countries closed out of any of another country’s markets should close some of their own markets to the other country in order to pressure the other country to reopen its markets. If every country acted according to this theory, no country would trade with any other.

The commentator’s argument relies on which of the following assumptions?
Show more

Doesnt the phrase "Any Other" - suggest that ?

Country (1) WILL EVENTUALLY SHUT ALL of its markets to all 199 countries

So country (1) has a fight with ALL 199 countries
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Commentator: The theory of trade retaliation states that countries clo 13 Dec 2022, 08:41
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Hi MartyTargetTestPrep - "This Theory" - is certainly is about trade retaliation. Furthermore if you read the green bit - it is generic

However the conclusion in the red is MORE specific

Specifically, the phrase (in the yellow highlight) -- "any other"

Quote:
Commentator: The theory of trade retaliation states that countries closed out of any of another country’s markets should close some of their own markets to the other country in order to pressure the other country to reopen its markets. If every country acted according to this theory, no country would trade with any other.

The commentator’s argument relies on which of the following assumptions?

Doesnt the phrase "Any Other" - suggest that ?

Country (1) WILL EVENTUALLY SHUT ALL of its markets to all 199 countries

So country (1) has a fight with ALL 199 countries
Show more
You're supporting the conclusion WITH THE CONCLUSION.

The evidence doesn't say SHUT ALL.

Look again. The evidence is what matters here and you're missing a key detail of what the green part says.
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Commentator: The theory of trade retaliation states that countries clo 13 Dec 2022, 09:10
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Quote:
Commentator: The theory of trade retaliation states that countries closed out of any of another country’s markets should close some of their own markets to the other country in order to pressure the other country to reopen its markets. If every country acted according to this theory, no country would trade with any other.

The commentator’s argument relies on which of the following assumptions?

You're supporting the conclusion WITH THE CONCLUSION.

The evidence doesn't say SHUT ALL.

Look again. The evidence is what matters here and you're missing a key detail of what the green part says.
Show more

Hi MartyTargetTestPrep - thanks for replying.

In the green part - i notice the word "Some"

So country (1) has a problem with country (2)

Country (2) lets say initiates the trade war and shuts down 5 of its markets. So five of Country 2's markets -- are not allowed to sell items to Country (1) specifically.

Country (1), in retaliation, shuts down 3 markets in retaliation vis a vis Country (1)

But again in the red-- the conclusion says : "If every country acted according to this theory, no country would trade with any other" ---

This red bit -- tells me that --- in the hypothetical scenario in the red -- Country (1) will shut down at least 1 market against all 199 countries.
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MartyTargetTestPrep


Quote:
Commentator: The theory of trade retaliation states that countries closed out of any of another country’s markets should close some of their own markets to the other country in order to pressure the other country to reopen its markets. If every country acted according to this theory, no country would trade with any other.

The commentator’s argument relies on which of the following assumptions?

You're supporting the conclusion WITH THE CONCLUSION.

The evidence doesn't say SHUT ALL.

Look again. The evidence is what matters here and you're missing a key detail of what the green part says.

Hi MartyTargetTestPrep - thanks for replying.

In the green part - i notice the word "Some"

So country (1) has a problem with country (2)

Country (2) lets say initiates the trade war and shuts down 5 of its markets. So five of Country 2's markets -- are not allowed to sell items to Country (1) specifically.

Country (1), in retaliation, shuts down 3 markets in retaliation vis a vis Country (1)

But again in the red-- the conclusion says : "If every country acted according to this theory, no country would trade with any other" ---

This red bit -- tells me that --- in the hypothetical scenario in the red -- Country (1) will shut down at least 1 market against all 199 countries.
Show more
YES, and you are ASSUMING that that conclusion is correct. You are basically assuming the correct answer to the question.

In other words, like the author of the argument, you are jumping from evidence about SOME markets to a conclusion about ALL markets.

OR maybe you are using the conclusion as evidence.

Either way, the point is that the evidence is about some markets, whereas the conclusion is about all markets, and the assumption has to fill the gap between the two.
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Commentator: The theory of trade retaliation states that countries clo 01 Jul 2023, 16:45
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Commentator: The theory of trade retaliation states that countries closed out of any of another country’s markets should close some of their own markets to the other country in order to pressure the other country to reopen its markets. If every country acted according to this theory, no country would trade with any other.

Theory of Trade retaliation = If country A closes doors to its markets for country B, then country B should also close doors to its markets for country A. This will pressurize country A to reopen its markets to country B. If every country acted acc to this theory, no country would trade with one another.
Conclusion: If all countries implement the theory of trade retaliation, no country would trade with one another.

The commentator’s argument relies on which of the following assumptions?

We need to identify the assumption

(A) No country actually acts according to the theory of trade retaliation.
Analysis: This speaks about the fact that no country actually acts according to the theory of trade retaliation. However, we are concerned about the hypothetical situation where all countries act according to the theory of retaliation.

(B) No country should block any of its markets to foreign trade.
We are not concerned with the actual facts. Therefore, "should" is not what we are looking for. We are looking for hypothetical scenarios.

(C) Trade disputes should be settled by international tribunal.
Who should settle the disputes is not the concern. We are concerned only about whether or not countries would trade with one another if a certain theory is adopted.

(D) For any two countries, at least one has some market closed to the other.
Negation: For any two countries, none had some market closed to the other.
Analysis: If the negation were true, then it follows that there will be at least two countries that trade with each other. Therefore, the conclusion falls apart. Keep it!

(E) Countries close their markets to foreigners to protect domestic producers.
We are not concerned about the reason for countries closing their market.

Therefore, the correct answer choice is (D)
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Commentator: The theory of trade retaliation states that countries clo 23 Sep 2025, 00:50
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Hey there! Let me help you work through this tricky assumption question about trade retaliation theory.

Understanding the Argument

First, let's break down what the commentator is saying. The trade retaliation theory tells us: if Country A blocks your markets, you should block Country A's markets right back to pressure them to reopen. The commentator then makes a bold claim - if everyone follows this theory, no country would trade with any other country at all.

Think about that for a moment. The commentator is saying we'd have complete trade shutdown worldwide. That's a pretty extreme conclusion!

Finding the Hidden Assumption

Here's what you need to see: For the commentator's conclusion to work (complete trade cessation), what must be true about the initial state of trade between countries?

Let's think through this step by step:
1. The retaliation theory only kicks in when countries are "closed out of any of another country's markets"
2. If some country pairs had completely open markets between them, would the theory apply? No!
3. Those countries with open markets could keep trading even if everyone else started retaliating
4. But the commentator says NO country would trade with ANY other

So what's missing? For the commentator's absolute conclusion to hold, every single country pair must have at least one market closure to trigger the retaliation cycle. Otherwise, some countries could still trade with each other.

Why D is Correct

Choice D states exactly this: "For any two countries, at least one has some market closed to the other." This gives us the universal trigger needed for the retaliation spiral to affect everyone.

Notice how choices B and C introduce "should" statements - but the argument isn't about what should happen, it's about what would happen. Choice E explains why countries might close markets, but the argument works regardless of the motivation behind closures.

---

You can check out the step-by-step solution on Neuron by e-GMAT to master the systematic approach for identifying assumptions in arguments with absolute conclusions. You'll also discover how to spot the difference between descriptive and normative arguments - a key skill for CR questions. You can explore other GMAT official questions with detailed solutions on Neuron for structured practice here.
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Commentator: The theory of trade retaliation states that countries clo 08 May 2026, 23:37
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Hi is anyone guides me in this argument last sentence shows cause and effect and above premises are theory so how i identitfy the conclusion cause and effect should be considered as conclusion i feel every assumption question does not go with one technique. can anyone guides me?
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