Events & Promotions
|
|
GMAT Club Daily Prep
Thank you for using the timer - this advanced tool can estimate your performance and suggest more practice questions. We have subscribed you to Daily Prep Questions via email.
Customized
for You
Track
Your Progress
Practice
Pays
Not interested in getting valuable practice questions and articles delivered to your email? No problem, unsubscribe here.
Jul 1703:00 PM IST
-11:00 AM IST
Start your journey with a fully customized action plan and work with a dedicated mentor to achieve a 735+ score.
Jul 1808:30 AM PDT
-09:30 AM PDT
Wondering how to craft compelling Career goals for your "Why MBA" essay? In this video, Gunjan Jhunjhunwala, seasoned MBA expert at The Red Pen, will walk you through how to: Define clear short-term and long-term goals, and more.
Jul 1410:00 AM PDT
-11:59 PM PDT
GMAT Preparation Online - A limited time sale use code: EXPERTSGLOBAL10- Jul 19
09:00 AM PDT
-11:00 AM PDT
Struggling to stay on time during Multi-Source Reasoning (MSR) questions on the GMAT? In this video, GMAT expert Karishma Bansal (founder of ANA Prep) breaks down a 3-minute scanning strategy that can help you save critical time... - Jul 19
11:00 AM IST
-01:00 PM IST
Do RC/MSR passages scare you? e-GMAT is conducting a masterclass to help you learn – Learn effective reading strategies Tackle difficult RC & MSR with confidence Excel in timed test environment 
Jul 1911:30 AM EDT
-12:30 PM EDT
Struggling to find the right strategies to score a 99 %ile on GMAT Focus? Riya (GMAT 715) boosted her score by 100-points in just 15 days! Discover how the right mentorship, tailored strategies, and an unwavering mindset can transform your GMAT prep.- Jul 20
10:00 AM PDT
-11:00 AM PDT
Join us in a live GMAT Verbal practice session to solve 10 tough questions from the Reading Comprehension section tested in the GMAT Verbal section. Take this quiz with other test takers in timed conditions. - Jul 22
10:00 AM PDT
-11:00 AM PDT
In our second video about test accommodations for the GMAT exam, GMAT Ninja’s founder chats with Jason Northrup, Test Accommodations Senior manager at GMAC, about the three main qualifying condition categories...
04 Apr 2020, 09:14
Kudos
Bookmarks
Question 1
B
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
95%
(hard)
Question Stats:
30% (02:37) correct
70%
(02:54) wrong
based on 1121
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 2
E
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
95%
(hard)
Question Stats:
35% (01:39) correct 65%
(01:41) wrong
based on 1079
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 3
A
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
95%
(hard)
Question Stats:
34% (01:27) correct 66%
(01:23) wrong
based on 1040
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Project RC Butler 2020 - Participate and win GMAT Club Tests.
Passage # 07, Date: 04-Apr-2020
This post is a part of Project RC Butler 2020. Click here for Details
Passage # 07, Date: 04-Apr-2020
This post is a part of Project RC Butler 2020. Click here for Details
Diseases associated with aging in women are difficult to correlate explicitly with estrogen deficiency because aging and genetics are important influences in the development of such diseases. A number of studies, however, indicate a profound effect of estrogen deficiency in syndromes such as cardiovascular disease (including atherosclerosis and stroke) and osteoporosis—the loss and increasing fragility of bone in aging individuals.
The amount of bone in the elderly skeleton—a key determinant in its susceptibility to fractures—is believed to be a function of two major factors. The first is the peak amount of bone mass attained, determined to a large extent by genetic inheritance. The marked effect of gender is obvious—elderly men experience only one-half as many hip fractures per capita as elderly women. However, African American women have a lower incidence of osteoporotic fractures than Caucasian women. Other important variables include diet, exposure to sunlight, and physical activity. The second major factor is the rate of bone loss after peak bone mass has been attained. While many of the variables that affect peak bone mass also affect rates of bone loss, additional factors influencing bone loss include physiological stresses such as pregnancy and lactation. It is hormonal status, however, reflected primarily by estrogen and progesterone levels, that may exert the greatest effect on rates of decline in skeletal mass.
The amount of bone in the elderly skeleton—a key determinant in its susceptibility to fractures—is believed to be a function of two major factors. The first is the peak amount of bone mass attained, determined to a large extent by genetic inheritance. The marked effect of gender is obvious—elderly men experience only one-half as many hip fractures per capita as elderly women. However, African American women have a lower incidence of osteoporotic fractures than Caucasian women. Other important variables include diet, exposure to sunlight, and physical activity. The second major factor is the rate of bone loss after peak bone mass has been attained. While many of the variables that affect peak bone mass also affect rates of bone loss, additional factors influencing bone loss include physiological stresses such as pregnancy and lactation. It is hormonal status, however, reflected primarily by estrogen and progesterone levels, that may exert the greatest effect on rates of decline in skeletal mass.
1. Based upon the passage, which of the following is LEAST clearly a factor affecting the rate of decline in bone mass?
(A) Gender
(B) Exposure to sunlight
(C) Progesterone levels
(D) Age
(E) Estrogen levels
2. In discussing the “marked effect of gender” (Highlighted), the author assumes all of the following EXCEPT
(A) the difference in incidence of hip fractures is not due instead to different rates of bone loss.
(B) the incidence of hip fractures among elderly men as compared to elderly women is representative of the total number of bone fractures among elderly men as compared to elderly women.
(C) elderly women are not more accident-prone than elderly men.
(D) the population upon which the cited statistic is based includes both African Americans and Caucasians.
(E) men achieve peak bone mass at the same age as women.
3. It can be inferred from the passage that the peak amount of bone mass in women
(A) is not affected by either pregnancy or lactation.
(B) is determined primarily by diet.
(C) depends partly upon hormonal status.
(D) may play a role in determining the rate of decrease in estrogen and progesterone levels.
(E) is not dependent upon genetic makeup.
(A) Gender
(B) Exposure to sunlight
(C) Progesterone levels
(D) Age
(E) Estrogen levels
2. In discussing the “marked effect of gender” (Highlighted), the author assumes all of the following EXCEPT
(A) the difference in incidence of hip fractures is not due instead to different rates of bone loss.
(B) the incidence of hip fractures among elderly men as compared to elderly women is representative of the total number of bone fractures among elderly men as compared to elderly women.
(C) elderly women are not more accident-prone than elderly men.
(D) the population upon which the cited statistic is based includes both African Americans and Caucasians.
(E) men achieve peak bone mass at the same age as women.
3. It can be inferred from the passage that the peak amount of bone mass in women
(A) is not affected by either pregnancy or lactation.
(B) is determined primarily by diet.
(C) depends partly upon hormonal status.
(D) may play a role in determining the rate of decrease in estrogen and progesterone levels.
(E) is not dependent upon genetic makeup.
Source: Master GMAT
Difficulty Level: 700
Difficulty Level: 700
05 Apr 2020, 03:46
Kudos
Bookmarks
Bold are answers.
1. Based upon the passage, which of the following is LEAST clearly a factor affecting the rate of decline in bone mass?
(A) Gender
(B) Exposure to sunlight
(C) Progesterone levels
(D) Age
”because aging and genetics are important influences in the development of such diseases.”
(E) Estrogen levels
Explantion of question 1
This is also a tricky question, purely because all of the listed ARE factors affecting the rate of decline in bone mass. Now we have to figure out which is the LEAST.
So how I will go about it is go from the most important to least. See the last paragraph says estrogen and progesterone level may exert GREATEST effect. Perfect, these are the greatest. C and E out.
A is out as well as the paragraph states – “The marked effect of gender is obvious”. It must be a critical factor. A is out.
First line of the para states ageing and genetics are important influences. Ok so the age must be an important factor. Also in the second paragraph author is only considering elderly men and women. This means that it is more prevalent at a certain age group. D is out.
B definitely has an effect but not as much as the others. B is our answer.
2. In discussing the “marked effect of gender” (Highlighted), the author assumes all of the following EXCEPT
This is a tough one.
(A) the difference in incidence of hip fractures is not due instead to different rates of bone loss.
Definitely an assumption. If it had other causes, then this doesn’t make sense.
(B) the incidence of hip fractures among elderly men as compared to elderly women is representative of the total number of bone fractures among elderly men as compared to elderly women.
Yes this also must be an assumption. If it is not the case then the author’s point makes little sense.
(C) elderly women are not more accident-prone than elderly men.
Author is trying to make a point that gender plays a critical role. If one group is accident prone, then accident is the main cause, not gender in defining the cause of the problem.
(D) the population upon which the cited statistic is based includes both African Americans and Caucasians.
Yes again essential assumption. How can you compare if one group is excluded from the population.
(E) men achieve peak bone mass at the same age as women.
It does not matter if men achieve peak bone mass at the same age as women. The statistic is only dependent on those who have achieved this peak bone mass, age at which it has been achieved is irrelevant here.
3. It can be inferred from the passage that the peak amount of bone mass in women
(A) is not affected by either pregnancy or lactation.
So when the author states that additional factors influencing bone loss include physiological stresses such as pregnancy and lactation. This implies that for peak amount of bone mass pregnancy and lactation are NOT.
(B) is determined primarily by diet.
No where mentioned.
(C) depends partly upon hormonal status.
Yes for decline in skeletal mass, but there is no connection to peak amount of bone mass.
(D) may play a role in determining the rate of decrease in estrogen and progesterone levels.
Cannot find an obvious connection.
(E) is not dependent upon genetic makeup.
Definitely dependent on genetic makeup. Its stated in passage -”to a large extent by genetic inheritance”
1. Based upon the passage, which of the following is LEAST clearly a factor affecting the rate of decline in bone mass?
(A) Gender
(B) Exposure to sunlight
(C) Progesterone levels
(D) Age
”because aging and genetics are important influences in the development of such diseases.”
(E) Estrogen levels
Explantion of question 1
This is also a tricky question, purely because all of the listed ARE factors affecting the rate of decline in bone mass. Now we have to figure out which is the LEAST.
So how I will go about it is go from the most important to least. See the last paragraph says estrogen and progesterone level may exert GREATEST effect. Perfect, these are the greatest. C and E out.
A is out as well as the paragraph states – “The marked effect of gender is obvious”. It must be a critical factor. A is out.
First line of the para states ageing and genetics are important influences. Ok so the age must be an important factor. Also in the second paragraph author is only considering elderly men and women. This means that it is more prevalent at a certain age group. D is out.
B definitely has an effect but not as much as the others. B is our answer.
2. In discussing the “marked effect of gender” (Highlighted), the author assumes all of the following EXCEPT
This is a tough one.
(A) the difference in incidence of hip fractures is not due instead to different rates of bone loss.
Definitely an assumption. If it had other causes, then this doesn’t make sense.
(B) the incidence of hip fractures among elderly men as compared to elderly women is representative of the total number of bone fractures among elderly men as compared to elderly women.
Yes this also must be an assumption. If it is not the case then the author’s point makes little sense.
(C) elderly women are not more accident-prone than elderly men.
Author is trying to make a point that gender plays a critical role. If one group is accident prone, then accident is the main cause, not gender in defining the cause of the problem.
(D) the population upon which the cited statistic is based includes both African Americans and Caucasians.
Yes again essential assumption. How can you compare if one group is excluded from the population.
(E) men achieve peak bone mass at the same age as women.
It does not matter if men achieve peak bone mass at the same age as women. The statistic is only dependent on those who have achieved this peak bone mass, age at which it has been achieved is irrelevant here.
3. It can be inferred from the passage that the peak amount of bone mass in women
(A) is not affected by either pregnancy or lactation.
So when the author states that additional factors influencing bone loss include physiological stresses such as pregnancy and lactation. This implies that for peak amount of bone mass pregnancy and lactation are NOT.
(B) is determined primarily by diet.
No where mentioned.
(C) depends partly upon hormonal status.
Yes for decline in skeletal mass, but there is no connection to peak amount of bone mass.
(D) may play a role in determining the rate of decrease in estrogen and progesterone levels.
Cannot find an obvious connection.
(E) is not dependent upon genetic makeup.
Definitely dependent on genetic makeup. Its stated in passage -”to a large extent by genetic inheritance”
General Discussion
04 Apr 2020, 12:21
Kudos
Bookmarks
My Answers are:
1. D (While many of the variables that affect peak bone mass also affect rates of bone loss, additional factors influencing bone loss include physiological stresses such as pregnancy and lactation. It is hormonal status,)
2. A ( nice question, and Just used Negation Test for all, rest 4 broke the conclusion)
3. A ( additional factors influencing bone loss include physiological stresses such as pregnancy and lactation. It is hormonal , Since Explicitly given for second factor only stating about the second factor, so I think this can be inferred..)
1. D (While many of the variables that affect peak bone mass also affect rates of bone loss, additional factors influencing bone loss include physiological stresses such as pregnancy and lactation. It is hormonal status,)
2. A ( nice question, and Just used Negation Test for all, rest 4 broke the conclusion)
3. A ( additional factors influencing bone loss include physiological stresses such as pregnancy and lactation. It is hormonal , Since Explicitly given for second factor only stating about the second factor, so I think this can be inferred..)
