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During the internet boom in the 1990's, even a relatively small move in the tech market fooled many investors having bought on rumor, they had to sell, and the dumping of stock quickly revealed how over valued many of the companies were.

a) investors having bought on rumor, they had to sell, and
b) investors who had bought on rumor, having had to sell,
c) investors who had bought on rumor; they had to sell, and
d) investors, those who had bought on rumor; these investors had to sell, and
e) investors, who, having bought on rumor and having to sell,


1) Modifier issue..
what should be modifying INVESTORS..
it should be modified by WHO as we are speaking about a specific group of investors...
only B and C left
2) having had to sell is again modifying ???
so a semi-colon and an independent clause thereafter is correct

C
I understand the POE sir but can you explain the correct use of having as a modifier?
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chetan2u
During the internet boom in the 1990's, even a relatively small move in the tech market fooled many investors having bought on rumor, they had to sell, and the dumping of stock quickly revealed how over valued many of the companies were.

a) investors having bought on rumor, they had to sell, and
b) investors who had bought on rumor, having had to sell,
c) investors who had bought on rumor; they had to sell, and
d) investors, those who had bought on rumor; these investors had to sell, and
e) investors, who, having bought on rumor and having to sell,


1) Modifier issue..
what should be modifying INVESTORS..
it should be modified by WHO as we are speaking about a specific group of investors...
only B and C left
2) having had to sell is again modifying ???
so a semi-colon and an independent clause thereafter is correct

C
I understand the POE sir but can you explain the correct use of having as a modifier?


Hi..
an example could be..
Having played cricket from childhood, Sachin made it to Indian team at a young age of 16 years.

an example from OG is
1) A mutual fund having billions of dollars in assets will
typically invest that money in hundreds of companies,
rarely holding more than one percent of the shares of
any particular corporation.
2) Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of
knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain
and its development from birth to adulthood,
are now
drawing solid conclusions about how the human
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Hi..
an example could be..
Having played cricket from childhood, Sachin made it to Indian team at a young age of 16 years.

an example from OG is
1) A mutual fund having billions of dollars in assets will
typically invest that money in hundreds of companies,
rarely holding more than one percent of the shares of
any particular corporation.
2) Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of
knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain
and its development from birth to adulthood,
are now
drawing solid conclusions about how the human[/quote]

Hi, If my understanding us correct from these examples, 'having' links some past action to its impact on present and most importantly it is modifying the subject of clause or precceding noun.
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1. I think in option A "having" is used as a participle modifying the investors. The error is lack of a semicolon or an IC marker.
Is this correct?
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During the internet boom in the 1990's, even a relatively small move in the tech market fooled many investors having bought on rumor, they had to sell, and the dumping of stock quickly revealed how over valued many of the companies were.

a) investors having bought on rumor, they had to sell, and
b) investors who had bought on rumor, having had to sell,
c) investors who had bought on rumor; they had to sell, and
d) investors, those who had bought on rumor; these investors had to sell, and
e) investors, who, having bought on rumor and having to sell,

can anyone shed some light on the sequencing of the events that are taking place in the question ?
I got the answer correcting considering the modifier issue but couldn't get the hang of the Verb tense used.
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During the internet boom in the 1990's, even a relatively small move in the tech market fooled many investors having bought on rumor, they had to sell, and the dumping of stock quickly revealed how over valued many of the companies were.

a) investors having bought on rumor, they had to sell, and
b) investors who had bought on rumor, having had to sell,
c) investors who had bought on rumor; they had to sell, and
d) investors, those who had bought on rumor; these investors had to sell, and
e) investors, who, having bought on rumor and having to sell,

MANHATTAN REVIEW OFFICIAL EXPLANATION:



‘Having bought on rumor’ in A is incorrect. Similarly ‘having had to sell’ in B is incorrect. ‘Those who had bought on rumor’ in D is incorrect. Option E does not provide a complete sentence. There is no verb for the subject ‘investors’. The phrases ‘having bought on rumor and having to sell’ merely describe the investors. Choice C is the correct answer.
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