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In this why can't we say that overall total waste production is less so that is an advantage for the wool sweater industry ?
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1. The problem asks to find which options are an advantage, disadvantage, or neither for wool sweaters. To answer this, we have to search in the text.

2. Warmth: "wool sweaters and synthetic sweaters are both effective at keeping a person warm". This means it's neither.

3. Cost per unit: "synthetic sweaters tend to cost significantly less than wool sweaters do". This means it's a disadvantage.

4. Environmental effects of fiber production: "the production of both wool fibers and synthetic fibers results in by-products-animal waste and industrial waste". This means it's neither.

5. Energy consumption from manufacturing: "one wool sweater will last as long as several synthetic ones and, even assuming the same energy consumption to manufacture wool and synthetic sweaters, over one's lifetime purchasing wool sweaters constitutes a significant energy savings as compared to purchasing synthetic sweaters". Since the option does not include per unit, we can assume that it's relating to the overall energy consumption. This means it's an advantage.

6. Total environmental effects of waste products. Similar to (3.), it also states that both cause equivalent environmental effects: "respectively-that cause significant environmental harm if improperly handled". This means it's neither.
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Why can't I infer that the advantage is "Total environmental effects of waste products" as fewer wool products would be purchased over ones lifetime?

It was the "total" that threw me off. If the answer had included "Total energy consumption from manufacturing", that would have been the obvious answer.
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The author doesn't mention the relative effects of waste. We don't know that just because we need fewer wool sweaters, the overall waste products are less impactful. That may be true, but it's not indicated. Meanwhile, it's true that "energy consumption" doesn't say "total," but it doesn't say "per unit," either. That vagueness allows us to go either way. Does the author cite energy savings as an advantage? Absolutely! That's all we need.
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Why can't I infer that the advantage is "Total environmental effects of waste products" as fewer wool products would be purchased over ones lifetime?

It was the "total" that threw me off. If the answer had included "Total energy consumption from manufacturing", that would have been the obvious answer.
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