Everyone who has graduated from TopNotch High School has an intelligen

Responding to a pm:

The question isn't tough. You just need to analyze the words very carefully. It doesn't have any ambiguity.

Argument:
Everyone who graduates from topnotch high school has IQ > 120.
Most > 120 and all > 150 students who apply get accepted to at least one Ivy league university.

1]Every graduate of TopNotch High School with an IQ of 150 has been accepted to at least one Ivy-League school.
We don't know whether every graduate has applied so we cannot say that every graduate has been accepted.

2]If a person is a high-school graduate and has an IQ of less than 100, he or she could not have been a student at TopNotch High School.
All we know is that everyone who graduates from top notch has IQ > 120. It is possible that someone with IQ = 100 is a student of a top notch high school for a while but graduates from some other school.

3]If a person has an IQ of 130 and is attending an Ivy-League school, it is possible for him or her to have graduated from TopNotch High School.
This statement says that it is possible that an IQ = 130 Ivy league school student graduated from top notch high school. This is true. It is certainly possible. Mind you, it is not essential that an IQ 130 ivy league student must have graduated from a top notch school but it is certainly possible. Hence (C) is the answer.

4]At least one graduate from TopNotch high school who has applied to at least one Ivy-League university has been accepted to one of them.
Not necessary. It is possible that no student from top notch has IQ > 150 or even if there are students with IQ > 150, they may not have applied. We know that most students with IQ > 120 who apply get accepted but it is possible that all those who applied from top notch (and hence had IQ>120) got rejected. (Number of people who applied from top notch could be a very small % of the total number of people with IQ > 120 who applied)

5]If a high-school graduate has an IQ of 150 and is not attending an Ivy-League school, then he or she did not apply to one of them.
Again, if one has IQ > 150 and applies to Ivy league, one gets accepted. Whether one eventually attends the school or not is up to the individual. So a high school graduate with IQ > 150 could have applied (and would have been accepted) but may not be attending the school.

Answer (C)
_________________

I am surprised that I picked the right answer for this CR. I picked (C)

My reasoning is below

Everyone who has graduated from TopNotch High School has an intelligence quotient (IQ) of over 120. Most students with an IQ of over 120 and all students with an IQ of over 150 who apply to one or more Ivy League universities are accepted to at least one of them.

The statements above, if true, best support which of the following conclusions?

1]Every graduate of TopNotch High School with an IQ of 150 has been accepted to at least one Ivy-League school.
>>> Every graduate of TopNotch HS will get accepted only if everyone applies. A graduate can get an IQ of 150 but still decide not to apply.

2]If a person is a high-school graduate and has an IQ of less than 100, he or she could not have been a student at TopNotch High School.
>>> We are talking of students graduated from TopNotch High School and not students who were at TopNotch High School. It is quite possible that a student studied at TopNotch High School for few years and then changed HighSchool and got less than 100 when he or she graduated. He/she will still be called as someone who was student at TopNotch High School.

3]If a person has an IQ of 130 and is attending an Ivy-League school, it is possible for him or her to have graduated from TopNotch High School.
>>> THIS IS CORRECT.

4]At least one graduate from TopNotch high school who has applied to at least one Ivy-League university has been accepted to one of them.
>>> Not necessarily.

5]If a high-school graduate has an IQ of 150 and is not attending an Ivy-League school, then he or she did not apply to one of them.
>>> The premise says all students with an IQ of over 150 will get accepted. So we cannot say that a student who has an IQ of 150 will get accepted and that if he is not attending than that is because he did not apply.

OFFICIAL EXPLANATION

Since the passage contains information about both TopNotch High School graduates and those accepted by Ivy League universities, a valid conclusion must contain information that does not contradict either situation. In addition, a valid conclusion should be based directly on the information given in the passage. Be careful not to make unwarranted assumptions: for example, a person who attends a school does not necessary graduate from it, a person who graduates from high school does not necessarily apply to a university, and a person who is accepted by a university does not necessarily attend it.

(A) The passage states that every student with an IQ of 150 who applies to the Ivy League will be accepted by at least one of the universities. However, it is possible that a graduate of TopNotch High with an IQ of 150 did not apply, and thereby was not accepted, to any of the schools. Hence, this conclusion is not valid.

(B) The passage states that every graduate of TopNotch High has an IQ of over 120. The conclusion only states that the student is a high school graduate and that he has an IQ of less than 120. It does NOT state that he or she was a graduate of TopNotch High. It is possible, however, that after attending TopNotch High for a period of time, he or she graduated from another high school. If this is the case, the situation does not contradict the passage, but contradicts the conclusion (he or she was a student at TopNotch High). Hence, this conclusion is not valid.

(C) CORRECT. This choice presents a possibility, as opposed to a certainty: is it possible that a person with a 130 IQ and attending an Ivy League university previously graduated from TopNotch High School? This does fit the stated facts in the argument: TopNotch graduates all have IQs over 120, and it is possible for TopNotch graduates to gain acceptance to Ivy League universities.

(D) The conclusion states that most, but not necessarily all, of the graduates from TopNotch High with IQ of 120 who apply to the Ivy League are accepted by at least one of the schools. The conclusion, however, does not state positively that any of the TopNotch High graduates had an IQ of over 150. Hence, even if it is unlikely, it is possible that none of the TopNotch graduates had IQs of over 150, and, of the remaining graduates who applied to the Ivy League, none were accepted by an Ivy League university. This conclusion is thereby not valid.

(E) The passage states that any student with an IQ of 150 who applies to one or more Ivy League universities will be accepted by at least one of them. It is possible, however, that some of those who had applied and been accepted to an Ivy League university chose not to attend. Hence, this conclusion is not valid.
_________________

The statements above, if true, best support which of the following conclusions?

A. Every graduate of TopNotch High School with an IQ of 150 has been accepted to at least one Ivy-League school.
>> To be sure we need an IQ of more than 150 ... not just 150 ... drop

B. If a person is a high-school graduate and has an IQ of less than 100, he or she could not have been a student at TopNotch High School.
>> he could be a student of TN highschool ... but he wont graduate from it ... drop

C.If a person has an IQ of 130 and is attending an Ivy-League school, it is possible for him or her to have graduated from TopNotch High School.
>> Keep it ... it is quite possible

D.At least one graduate from TopNotch high school who has applied to at least one Ivy-League university has been accepted to one of them.
>> drop it .....

E.If a high-school graduate has an IQ of 150 and is not attending an Ivy-League school, then he or she did not apply to one of them.
>> we can not say for sure ... may be he applied and got selected also ... but chnaged his mind and not attending becuase of other reasons .... drop it

Answer C

Got it from another forum:

e) If a high-school graduate has an IQ of 150 and is not attending an Ivy-League school, then he or she did not apply to one of them.

The negative statements are an attempt to flip the positive premise "all students with an IQ of over 150 who apply to one or more Ivy League universities are accepted to at least one of them"

(E) is not a valid GMAT conclusion because of not only the mismatch between exactly 150 and over 150, but also the mismatch between attending and being accepted at an Ivy-League school.

The OA is C.

@seekmba, your explanations for this one are great! People still seem a little confused on A and D, so let's look at those one more time.

A) Every graduate of TopNotch High School with an IQ of 150 has been accepted to at least one Ivy-League school.

We can't conclude that every graduate of TopNotch with a 150+ IQ has APPLIED to an Ivy-League school. If they apply, the argument tells us that they will be accepted to at least one, but there's nothing in the prompt to suggest that every 150+ student applies to at least one Ivy.

D) At least one graduate from TopNotch high school who has applied to at least one Ivy-League university has been accepted to one of them.

Let's say that every TopNotch graduate who applies to an Ivy-League school has an IQ between 120 and 150 (so nobody with a 150+ IQ applies). We only know that MOST students with a 120+ IQ who apply to an Ivy-League school are accepted to at least one. Therefore, there exists the possibility that nobody from TopNotch would be accepted to an Ivy, so D has to be eliminated.

Hope that helps for those two choices!

Source: MGMAT cat

Everyone who has graduated from TopNotch High School has an intelligence quotient (IQ) of over 120. Most students with an IQ of over 120 and all students with an IQ of over 150 who apply to one or more Ivy League universities are accepted to at least one of them.

The statements above, if true, best support which of the following conclusions?

A: Every graduate of TopNotch High School with an IQ of 150 has been accepted to at least one Ivy-League school.
B: If a person is a high-school graduate and has an IQ of less than 100, he or she could not have been a student at TopNotch High School.
C: If a person has an IQ of 130 and is attending an Ivy-League school, it is possible for him or her to have graduated from TopNotch High School.
D: At least one graduate from TopNotch high school who has applied to at least one Ivy-League university has been accepted to one of them.
E: If a high-school graduate has an IQ of 150 and is not attending an Ivy-League school, then he or she did not apply to one of them.

OA:C

My question is - I took > 5 minutes and still got it wrong. I got the answer later on. But, i havent seen such CRs in OG Sad

Voodoo

My approach for this:
Don't follow the elimination process. Just tick the right choice and go ahead. I chose "C" because I knew it was correct, I didn't bother to dig into rest of the choices.

Student of e-GMAT here. I used their process to come up with the correct answer. However, it definitely took me over the 2 min mark (at around 3 mins and 30 seconds) and this was difficult due to its tricky wording. Nevertheless, here's my process.

Conclusion: MOST students (not all) with an IQ of 120+ and ALL students with 150+ who apply to one or more Ivy League universities get accepted to at least one Ivy League university.
Phew...kinda long, but makes a lot of sense.

The only premise we have to work with is that TN Highschool has students with IQs of over 120. Which means that if these students apply to 1+ Ivy league universities, most of them are likely to get into at least one of them.

Basic pre-thinking: I won't lie here, but this was somewhat challenging for me. I came up with some flimsy assumptions in this. I'd love to see what you guys think about them.
- IQ is the only factor required here for university admissions with 150+ scores
- Students are likely to apply to Ivy league university. (I quickly realised that this was a false assumption and scratched it off).

Alright! With some pre-thinking, I at least had a better idea of the argument, so I could move onto the answer choices.

A. This does not have to be true. Some students may not have applied to an Ivy league university (or any university to begin with). Out.
B. Not necessarily true. What if IQ goes down with age? I was great at tennis 10 years ago as a kid, but now I absolutely suck at it (even when playing with a 12 year old). No where in the argument does it state that IQ remains stable with age.
C. Yeah. This seems right.
D. Well maybe. Let's say that there are 100 students at this school. 99 students decided to start working after high school. The remaining student applied to only one Ivy league university and his score happened to be 125. Although it is likely that he'll get accepted, it is not certain that he will.
E. She could have applied but decided not to go.

C is the right choice.
I definitely struggled with B and D. First in comprehending what they were saying and then in thinking of cases where the statements could fall apart.

Hope this thorough breakdown of my process helps others.

Well, the problem with D is that, for example,if only one student applied we can't be 100% sure that he will be accepted. Moreover we do not know nothing about his IQ, which affects his chances. So we need to correct these parts of the answer choice.

(D) At least one graduate -with a QI of over 150- from TopNotch high school who has applied to at least one Ivy-League university has been accepted to one of them.

This works because we know that "students with an IQ of over 150 who apply to one or more Ivy League universities are accepted to at least one of them"; I removed "at least one" also because ALL 150+ students who apply are accepted, not at least one.

I think this would work because it's basically a rewording of the later part of the second sentence.

Dear Zarrolou,
Thanks for your explanation. You said that we know nothing about his IQ, but from the question, we have already known that he must have IQ of over 120. Furthermore, "most students with an IQ of over 120...are accepted...". So I infer that among all TN students who applied to Ivy League uni., there will be at leat one accepted.
For the OA C, I just wonder that "it is possible for him or her to have graduated from TopNotch High School." is not a good conclusion (I donot say that it's wrong) because he or she can be from any high school in the world.
Above is my few thoughts. Correct me if I'm wrong. Again, thanks guy!

Hi,

Amazing job here!

You reasons for rejecting all the four incorrect choices are right on the mark. It is very encouraging to see this since even though a lot of students do mark the correct choice but they do not reject the incorrect choices for valid reasons. However, that is not the case with you. Good job!

I just want to clarify one thing in the prethinking part.

When you do prethinking for inference/conclusion questions, you need to prethink the inference, not the assumptions. For all other questions (strengthen, weaken, evaluate etc), you need to prethink assumptions but not in the case of inference questions.

In inference questions, you need to prethink the inferences possible.

So, in this questions, you might have done prethinking by understanding the information as below:

1. First thing that comes out is that the 2nd statement is only about those students who apply to at least one Ivy league university. Therefore, any inference which talks about students who did not apply to Ivy league universities is straight out of the way. (read point 2 for an exception to this)
2. Second thing is that Everyone from TN has IQ over 120. Now, one thing we can easily infer from this statement is that anyone studying at Ivy league who had an IQ below 120 when joining the university cannot be a student of TN. Isn't it?

So, you have arrived at one possible inference just from the first statement of the passage. Now, you can also arrive at another possible inference by combining statements 1 and 2:

If all the students from TN schools apply to Ivy league schools, most of them would be accepted to at least one of them. (Here we are combining the information that every student from TN has IQ over 120 and most students with IQ over 120 gets accepted to at least one of the Ivy league universities.)

Thanks,
Chiranjeev
_________________

About the IQ, we have to say that his IQ is 150+ in order to be sure that a student is accepted, because if his IQ is only 120+, his chances are high but we ARE NOT sure that he'll be accepted.

Most students with an IQ of over 120 who apply to one or more Ivy League universities are accepted to at least one of them.

About this part: Furthermore, "most students with an IQ of over 120...are accepted...". So I infer that among all TN students who applied to Ivy League uni., there will be at leat one accepted.<== we cannot say. If only ONE 120 IQ student applies, we can't say that he will be accepted.

About this part:For the OA C, I just wonder that "it is possible for him or her to have graduated from TopNotch High School." is not a good conclusion (I donot say that it's wrong) because he or she can be from any high school in the world. Yes you're correct, that's why we read "it's possible for him (...)"

Hope I've explained myself well

I still can not understand why version D is not correct:
Everyone who has graduated from TopNotch High School has an intelligence quotient (IQ) of over 120. Most students with an IQ of over 120 and all students with an IQ of over 150 who apply to one or more Ivy League universities are accepted to at least one of them.

The statements above, if true, best support which of the following conclusions?

1]Every graduate of TopNotch High School with an IQ of 150 has been accepted to at least one Ivy-League school.
2]If a person is a high-school graduate and has an IQ of less than 100, he or she could not have been a student at TopNotch High School.
3]If a person has an IQ of 130 and is attending an Ivy-League school, it is possible for him or her to have graduated from TopNotch High School.
4]At least one graduate from TopNotch high school who has applied to at least one Ivy-League university has been accepted to one of them.
5]If a high-school graduate has an IQ of 150 and is not attending an Ivy-League school, then he or she did not apply to one of them.

the argument is telling that all students from the school have IQ over 120, after it says that most students with IQ over 120 who apply to one or several Ive League schools get accepted to at least one of the schools.

Now the answer D tells exactly the same thing and can not find any contradiction between prompt and the answer.
If all students are over 120 and most of 120 who apply to the school get accepted at least one the schools.when at least one of the students from those of top Notch school who applied for sure will get accepted to the school.

I know that i am missing something but do not understand what i am missing.

As I said before, you have to read every word carefully. The framing of the question is a little tricky.

The argument says that "most students with IQ over 120 who apply to one or several Ive League schools get accepted to at least one of the schools." It doesn't talk about TopNotch school. Just that if 1000 students with IQ > 120 will apply to Ivy League univs. most will get accepted. Say, out of 1000, 900 will get accepted. 100 will get rejected.

Now option (D) talks about TopNotch school. All TopNotch students have IQ > 120. Perhaps there are 500 students in TOpNOtch. Say all of them have IQ less than 150. Do we know how many of them applied to Ivy League schools? No. Perhaps only 10 did. Is it possible that all 10 got rejected? Sure because of the 1000 students who applied, only 900 got accepted in at least one Ivy League Univ. Those 10 could easily have been a part of the 100. Hence it is possible that option (D) may not hold. Therefore, we cannot say that it must be true.
_________________

Everyone who has graduated from TopNotch High School has an intelligence quotient (IQ) of over 120. Most students with an IQ of over 120 and all students with an IQ of over 150 who apply to one or more Ivy League universities are accepted to at least one of them.

The statements above, if true, best support which of the following conclusions?

(A) Every graduate of TopNotch High School with an IQ of 150 has been accepted to at least one Ivy-League school.

This is never said in the above argument.Only who have applied are mostly selected.We do not have any information about whether graduates of TopNOtch Schools even apply to Ivys Yes Ecery graduate of TN has a IQ of 120+ but it not told that anyone of the graduates applied to Ivys. May be some applied, may be none applied..

(B) If a person is a high-school graduate and has an IQ of less than 100, he or she could not have been a student at TopNotch High School.

No information provided about people who are NOT graduates of top notch high schools.A person with IQ<100 could have been a student of top notch high school and left the school and graduated from some other school.

(C) If a person has an IQ of 130 and is attending an Ivy-League school, it is possible for him or her to have graduated from TopNotch High School.

Yes, it is possible.The information in the above argument supports this statement.This statement is not making a definite claim.These option just tells us that the graduates of TN with IQ of 130 may have applied to Ivys or is eligible to apply.

(D) At least one graduate from TopNotch high school who has applied to at least one Ivy-League university has been accepted to one of them.

No not necessarily true. The argument states that Most students with an IQ of over 120 and all students with an IQ of over 150 who apply to one or more Ivy League universities are accepted to at least one of them. .It is no where stated that the High School graduated even apply to Ivy universities.

(E) If a high-school graduate has an IQ of 150 and is not attending an Ivy-League school, then he or she did not apply to one of them.

Not true. Most students do get selected .He might have applied but did not get selected.
_________________

Everyone who has graduated from TopNotch High School has an intelligence quotient (IQ) of over 120. Most students with an IQ of over 120 and all students with an IQ of over 150 who apply to one or more Ivy League universities are accepted to at least one of them. The statements above, if true, best support which of the following conclusions?

a) Every graduate of TopNotch High School with an IQ of 150 has been accepted to at least one Ivy-League school.What if he/she had not applied to an ivy league in the first place.

b) If a person is a high-school graduate and has an IQ of less than 100, he or she could not have been a student at TopNotch High School.That person could very well have been a student of TN HS but would not have graduated from TN HS. What if a student studied in TN HS but was not allowed to graduate from TN HS because of TN HS's ridiculously high standards? That student could have moved to some other school and passed that new school's graduation exam to graduate. So this option is not entirely true.

c) If a person has an IQ of 130 and is attending an Ivy-League school, it is possible for him or her to have graduated from TopNotch High School."possible". Nice balance in the statement. Keep this aside.

d) At least one graduate from TopNotch high school who has applied to at least one Ivy-League university has been accepted to one of them.Not necessarily. Maybe there are no graduates with an IQ of 150+ and the stem says that most graduates with an IQ of over 120 get admitted. This means that all those from TN HS may not have got into an ivy league.

e) If a high-school graduate has an IQ of 150 and is not attending an Ivy-League school, then he or she did not apply to one of them.The stem talks about students with an IQ of *over* 150 getting into anyone of the ivy league he/she may apply to. This option talks about someone with an IQ of exactly 150. So this option talks about the 130-150 IQ graduates and these *most* not *all* of these graduates get into ivy leagues. This option is hence an extreme one.

Can anyone guide why not A?
NEGATE:
NOT Every graduate of TopNotch High School with an IQ of 150 has been accepted to at least one Ivy-League school.
(however we did not take the consideration of whether he applied or not. but then why the word "accepted")

This is an inference question, not an assumption question. Are you applying the negation technique to it? That works for assumption questions only.
_________________