Events & Promotions
|
|
GMAT Club Daily Prep
Thank you for using the timer - this advanced tool can estimate your performance and suggest more practice questions. We have subscribed you to Daily Prep Questions via email.
Customized
for You
Track
Your Progress
Practice
Pays
Not interested in getting valuable practice questions and articles delivered to your email? No problem, unsubscribe here.
Nov 2007:30 AM PST
-08:30 AM PST
Learn what truly sets the UC Riverside MBA apart and how it helps in your professional growth
Nov 2001:30 PM EST
-02:30 PM IST
Learn how Kamakshi achieved a GMAT 675 with an impressive 96th %ile in Data Insights. Discover the unique methods and exam strategies that helped her excel in DI along with other sections for a balanced and high score.
Nov 1912:30 PM EST
-01:30 PM EST
Learn how Keshav, a Chartered Accountant, scored an impressive 705 on GMAT in just 30 days with GMATWhiz's expert guidance. In this video, he shares preparation tips and strategies that worked for him, including the mock, time management, and more
Nov 2211:00 AM IST
-01:00 PM IST
Do RC/MSR passages scare you? e-GMAT is conducting a masterclass to help you learn – Learn effective reading strategies Tackle difficult RC & MSR with confidence Excel in timed test environment- Nov 23
11:00 AM IST
-01:00 PM IST
Attend this free GMAT Algebra Webinar and learn how to master the most challenging Inequalities and Absolute Value problems with ease. 
Nov 2407:00 PM PST
-08:00 PM PST
Full-length FE mock with insightful analytics, weakness diagnosis, and video explanations!
Nov 2510:00 AM EST
-11:00 AM EST
Prefer video-based learning? The Target Test Prep OnDemand course is a one-of-a-kind video masterclass featuring 400 hours of lecture-style teaching by Scott Woodbury-Stewart, founder of Target Test Prep and one of the most accomplished GMAT instructors.
jm2k5
Joined: 05 May 2023
Last visit: 16 Jul 2025
Posts: 42
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 35
Location: India
Schools: IIMA '26 (A)
GMAT Focus 1: 655 Q82 V83 DI82 
GPA: 7.1
WE:Engineering (Energy)
Updated on: 06 Dec 2023, 23:13
Originally posted by jm2k5 on 06 Dec 2023, 16:43.
Last edited by Sajjad1994 on 06 Dec 2023, 23:13, edited 1 time in total.
Last edited by Sajjad1994 on 06 Dec 2023, 23:13, edited 1 time in total.
Formatted
Kudos
Bookmarks
Galaxy clusters are vast groups of galaxies. Extremely hot, thin gas fills the space between galaxies in a cluster, emitting X-rays. Astronomers have calculated that these X-rays carry away so much energy that the gas should cool and settle into the center of the cluster, growing dense enough to form trillions of new stars. But surprisingly, observations have not detected anything like what had been predicted.
In the 1990s, satellite telescopes discovered two huge cavities or "bubbles" in the hot gas in the center of the Perseus cluster, filled with magnetic fields and energetic particles. These energetic bubbles are expanding and pushing aside the hot gas. Similar bubbles were soon found in several other clusters. Measurements showed that in clusters containing such bubbles, the hot intergalactic gas is not cooling and settling, which suggests that the bubbles keep the gas from forming new stars.
Only one kind of object known to science could generate enough energy to produce these bubbles: a supermassive black hole. A black hole is a kind of gravitational sinkhole that sucks in matter—such as gas—and energy. But the energy the black hole devours also causes it to rotate. The rotation twists the fabric of space around the black hole, catapulting out some of the inflowing gas in two opposing jets. The faster the black hole spins, the greater a proportion of the incoming gas is ejected in these jets.
Each galaxy cluster centers on one especially large galaxy containing a huge black hole. In the Perseus duster, the two vast bubbles in the hot intergalactic gas are aligned with jets of energy emanating from the middle of the large central galaxy. Thus, this galaxy's black hole must be producing the bubbles.
This may be part of a cyclical process, since not all galaxy clusters show such bubbles. As a cluster's gas cools, it falls into the central black hole, making it shoot out jets of energy. These jets create bubbles that heat the gas, diminishing its inflow. With less incoming gas, the black hole spins more slowly, so the energy jets and bubbles dwindle, letting the hot gas cool again to repeat the cycle.
In the 1990s, satellite telescopes discovered two huge cavities or "bubbles" in the hot gas in the center of the Perseus cluster, filled with magnetic fields and energetic particles. These energetic bubbles are expanding and pushing aside the hot gas. Similar bubbles were soon found in several other clusters. Measurements showed that in clusters containing such bubbles, the hot intergalactic gas is not cooling and settling, which suggests that the bubbles keep the gas from forming new stars.
Only one kind of object known to science could generate enough energy to produce these bubbles: a supermassive black hole. A black hole is a kind of gravitational sinkhole that sucks in matter—such as gas—and energy. But the energy the black hole devours also causes it to rotate. The rotation twists the fabric of space around the black hole, catapulting out some of the inflowing gas in two opposing jets. The faster the black hole spins, the greater a proportion of the incoming gas is ejected in these jets.
Each galaxy cluster centers on one especially large galaxy containing a huge black hole. In the Perseus duster, the two vast bubbles in the hot intergalactic gas are aligned with jets of energy emanating from the middle of the large central galaxy. Thus, this galaxy's black hole must be producing the bubbles.
This may be part of a cyclical process, since not all galaxy clusters show such bubbles. As a cluster's gas cools, it falls into the central black hole, making it shoot out jets of energy. These jets create bubbles that heat the gas, diminishing its inflow. With less incoming gas, the black hole spins more slowly, so the energy jets and bubbles dwindle, letting the hot gas cool again to repeat the cycle.
1. According to the passage, in the Perseus cluster
A. the energy jets from the central black hole are dwindling
B. the hot intergalactic gas is not continuously cooling
C. intergalactic gas is growing dense enough to form new stars
D. two huge, central black holes are filled with magnetic fields and energetic particles
E. bubbles in the hot intergalactic gas are causing a supermassive black hole to spin rapidly
A. the energy jets from the central black hole are dwindling
B. the hot intergalactic gas is not continuously cooling
C. intergalactic gas is growing dense enough to form new stars
D. two huge, central black holes are filled with magnetic fields and energetic particles
E. bubbles in the hot intergalactic gas are causing a supermassive black hole to spin rapidly
2. The passage most strongly supports the claim that which of the following processes directly counteracts the heating of a galaxy cluster's intergalactic gas?
A. Settling of the gas into the center of the cluster
B. Expansion of huge cavities in the gas
C. Emission of X-rays by the gas
D. Rotation of the gas around a supermassive black hole
E. Ejection of the gas in two opposing jets
A. Settling of the gas into the center of the cluster
B. Expansion of huge cavities in the gas
C. Emission of X-rays by the gas
D. Rotation of the gas around a supermassive black hole
E. Ejection of the gas in two opposing jets
3. The passage most strongly suggests that in galaxy clusters that do not contain huge bubbles like those described in the second paragraph
A. there is no supermassive black hole in the central galaxy
B. magnetic fields and energetic particles are preventing the hot intergalactic gas from cooling and settling
C. the central black hole is ejecting most of its inflowing gas in two opposing jets
D. cooling gas is forming trillions of new stars
E. intergalactic gas is moving toward the central black hole
A. there is no supermassive black hole in the central galaxy
B. magnetic fields and energetic particles are preventing the hot intergalactic gas from cooling and settling
C. the central black hole is ejecting most of its inflowing gas in two opposing jets
D. cooling gas is forming trillions of new stars
E. intergalactic gas is moving toward the central black hole
4. The main purpose of the passage is to
A. speculate about the effects of X-rays emitted by hot, thin intergalactic gas in galaxy clusters
B. offer an explanation of why observations have not detected the many new stars that astronomers calculated should have formed in the centers of galaxy clusters
C. describe how bubbles in the hot gas in the centers of galaxy clusters prevent the gas from cooling and settling
D. argue that the rotation of black holes might create bubbles of hot intergalactic gas in some galaxy clusters
E. discuss how astronomers have measured the cyclical heating and cooling of intergalactic gas in galaxy clusters
A. speculate about the effects of X-rays emitted by hot, thin intergalactic gas in galaxy clusters
B. offer an explanation of why observations have not detected the many new stars that astronomers calculated should have formed in the centers of galaxy clusters
C. describe how bubbles in the hot gas in the centers of galaxy clusters prevent the gas from cooling and settling
D. argue that the rotation of black holes might create bubbles of hot intergalactic gas in some galaxy clusters
E. discuss how astronomers have measured the cyclical heating and cooling of intergalactic gas in galaxy clusters
Archived Topic
Hi there,
This topic has been closed and archived due to inactivity or violation of community quality standards. No more replies are possible here.
Where to now? Join ongoing discussions on thousands of quality questions in our Reading Comprehension (RC) Forum
Still interested in this question? Check out the "Best Topics" block below for a better discussion on this exact question, as well as several more related questions.
Thank you for understanding, and happy exploring!
Moderators:
189 posts
