GMAT CLUB OLYMPICS: Researchers have found that children's academic ac

Explanation

We’ll go for PRECISE because the argument is straightforward, so we can infer a likely solution.

The two hypotheses attempt to explain why children succeed more when their parents have high incomes. The first hypothesis is that educated parents teach their children to appreciate academics, and the second is that rich parents have more money to pay for tutors. Since we are asked to support one hypothesis over the other, we’ll focus on the differences between them: do the children receive something motivational (more appreciation for academics) or something practical (more private classes). Our answer will almost certainly state or imply that one of these is superior to the other. Of our options, this is exactly what (B) does: it directly suggests that motivation is much more important than having additional resources, such as private tutors.
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IMO B.

First hypothesis : appreciation of education = better achievement
Second hypothesis: more money = better tutors = better achievements.

A. Children who achieve better scores in school earn more money when they grow up.
Out of scope. It doesn't matter what these children end up doing in future. Scope is academic achievements not earning money/job.

B. Children who dislike studying will not do so, no matter the resources they have available.
Supports first hypothesis. No matter how much money parent's invest, if the child is not interested (means no appreciation for education) he/she will simply not study.

C. Recent surveys show an ever-growing gap among the test scores of children from different social classes.
Gap is increasing, but who is scoring more? Poor or rich children? We dont know. Wrong.

D. In after-school academic enrichment courses, children from low-income families achieve more than other children do.
No money, still these kids achieve more. But does this mean they are achieving more because of genuine appreciation of education ? What if they are driven by motivation to become rich ? This choice doesnt talk about appreciation of education factor. Wrong.

E. Children with better achievements help improve their parents’ education.
Completely out of scope.

Interesting question! We have two hypotheses and we are trying to support one of them. Our premise is that children achieve higher when their parents incomes are higher. Our two hypotheses are:

1) higher parent income = higher parent education = higher appreciation for education by entire family
2) higher parent income = more spent on private tutors so kids can have extra time and resources for learning

Question
Researchers have found that children's academic achievements are higher when their parents’ incomes are higher. Some researchers have attributed this trend to the fact that parents with high incomes have usually also had extensive education, claiming that extensive education lets parents impart to their children an increased appreciation of academics. Other researchers, however, have attributed these academic achievements to the ability to invest larger amounts of money on private tutors.

Which of the following, if true, most supports the selection of one hypothesis over the other?

A. Children who achieve better scores in school earn more money when they grow up. - I think this either supports the premise, or is out of scope, but either way does not support either hypothesis. Eliminate
B. Children who dislike studying will not do so, no matter the resources they have available. - IMO the best option. This invalidates hypothesis 2, in turn validating hypothesis 1. Children in wealthy families must have a high appreciation for education, because if they didn't they might dislike studying, and if they dislike studying having tutors wouldn't help.
C. Recent surveys show an ever-growing gap among the test scores of children from different social classes. - supports the premise not a hypothesis. Eliminate.
D. In after-school academic enrichment courses, children from low-income families achieve more than other children do. - This is the toughest answer to eliminate that I believe is wrong. I think it might say something interesting about the population, but doesn't necessarily explain why the high income children succeed. I think this is an eliminate.
E. Children with better achievements help improve their parents’ education. - interesting, but doesn't really help explain why children achieve more. Eliminate.

So these rich kids are good at studies.

One hypothes is.

Bill Gates imparts to his children an increased appreciation of academics
Or
Bill Gates just hired out most loved GMATNinja and gets the work done.

So we've to work for or against one of these hypothesis


A. Children who achieve better scores in school earn more money when they grow up

Duhhhh! Not even remotely touching our hypothesis. Sorry Mr Gates.

B. Children who dislike studying will not do so, no matter the resources they have available.

Look at this, what if Mr. Gates hires Gamtninja as personal tutor but his daughter is not at all interested in GMAT? Works!
It also implicitly says, Imparting appreciation towards academics might have worked, if not no amount of money would.

C. Recent surveys show an ever-growing gap among the test scores of children from different social classes.

So what? Not connecting Hypothesis

D. In after-school academic enrichment courses, children from low-income families achieve more than other children do.

Please concentrate on Bill Gates.

E. Children with better achievements help improve their parents’ education.

What, Bill Gates Daughter is educating Bill Gates.

It kinda states , effect causes cause.
But it does reject both Hypothesis rather than supporting one and rejecting other.

Answer B.

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From the argument we know that overall children from rich families have good academic records. There are two possible causes:
First, rich parents foster in their children an interest in subjects. Children learn to appreciate academics.
Second, rich people simply can pay for tutors because of whom rich children have higher academic records.
One of the choices should help choose one:

A. Children who achieve better scores in school earn more money when they grow up.

It can be true that highly educated children will earn more, but we are concerned with what makes them to achieve high score, not what happens after. So out.

B. Children who dislike studying will not do so, no matter the resources they have available.

This choice pretty much shows that if children don’t learn how to appreciate academics, then no amount of money will make them to study even if their parents can afford tutors. Correct.

C. Recent surveys show an ever-growing gap among the test scores of children from different social classes.

We need to know why this gap is occurring. The fact itself doesn’t shed light on why this is true. Incorrect.

D. In after-school academic enrichment courses, children from low-income families achieve more than other children do.

this choice talks about children from low-income families and only about that subset that attend enrichment courses. This irrelevant to the discussion.

E. Children with better achievements help improve their parents’ education.

This one is all the way around. Children helping their parents’ education are out of topic.\

So B
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Hyphothesis1: extensive education imparting to children( maybe encourage by parents/ or inherited academic mind)
Hypothesis2: it is due to private tutoring


A. Children who achieve better scores in school earn more money when they grow up.
Irrelevant:

If children achieve bettr score they earn more money. What about their children?
Argument is about children of rich parents.
( doesn’t relate with both the hyphothesis)


B. Children who dislike studying will not do so, no matter the resources they have available.
So children are genuinely interested in studies.- support hypothesis 1
If they are interested, private tutoring won’t help/ -weaken hyphothesis2


C. Recent surveys show an ever-growing gap among the test scores of children from different social classes.
Rich get more marks. Poor get low marks?
Support hypothesis2
Weaken hyphtoesis1
But here open question about different social classes.
It maybe medium class get poor than low rich families or can be reverse.
So we need to assume extra
Hence reject this option


D. In after-school academic enrichment courses, children from low-income families achieve more than other children do.
If low-income families’ children achieve more than after school, then it indicates that money doesn’t help.
Hyphothesis 2 is weakened.
Hyphothesis1 is not clear based on this information without overall academic achievement. Does it mean children from rich families achieve higher in schools. Why not low class children achieve lowe r in school? Some open question on this option.


E. Children with better achievements help improve their parents’ education.
(irrelevant : not related with any of hypothesis. Moreover reverse relation is mentioned). We care about children education but not parents education.

Final answer: B

Which of the following, if true, most supports the selection of one hypothesis over the other?

Logical evidence: Children's academic achievements are higher when their parents’ incomes are higher

There are 2 theories to prove the logic
1) Extensive education lets parents impart to their children an increased appreciation of academics
2)Academic achievements to the ability to invest larger amounts of money on private tutors.

Pre-Thinking: We need to strengthen one of them while weakening other.


A. Children who achieve better scores in school earn more money when they grow up. OFS, Irrelevant fact.

B. Children who dislike studying will not do so, no matter the resources they have available. Weakens theory 2, Access to private tutors won't help in case of lack of interest. Inline with pre-thinking. So hold.

C. Recent surveys show an ever-growing gap among the test scores of children from different social classes. OFS, Irrelevant fact.

D. In after-school academic enrichment courses, children from low-income families achieve more than other children do. OFS, Irrelevant fact.

E. Children with better achievements help improve their parents’ education. It doesn't affect any of the 2 theories.

IMO B

Researchers have found that children's academic achievements are higher when their parents’ incomes are higher. Some researchers have attributed this trend to the fact that parents with high incomes have usually also had extensive education, claiming that extensive education lets parents impart to their children an increased appreciation of academics. Other researchers, however, have attributed these academic achievements to the ability to invest larger amounts of money on private tutors.

Reasoning: children's academic achievements are higher when their parents’ incomes are higher. Two reasons for these are
Hypothesis I - parents with high incomes have usually also had extensive education, claiming that extensive education lets parents impart to their children an increased appreciation of academics
Hypothesis II - these academic achievements are because of the ability to invest larger amounts of money on private tutors.

Which of the following, if true, most supports the selection of one hypothesis over the other?


A. Children who achieve better scores in school earn more money when they grow up.
Does not negate any hypothesis

B. Children who dislike studying will not do so, no matter the resources they have available.
Correct. This weakens the hypothesis II. Better tutors and more money will not influence liking of children towards studies.

C. Recent surveys show an ever-growing gap among the test scores of children from different social classes.
Out of context

D. In after-school academic enrichment courses, children from low-income families achieve more than other children do.
We are not talking of education in a specific period.

E. Children with better achievements help improve their parents’ education.
Out of context. we are looking at the impact of parents income on children education.


B

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