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(A) agreeing that the laws of thermodynamics do not adequately explain the processes by which the human body uses energy in the form of calories

The researcher agrees that the laws of thermodynamics can be applied, however the fitness paradigm doesn’t account for the many calories burned just to keep the body alive

(B) drawing on a comparison and providing examples to strengthen a counterargument

The author does not draw any comparison in his counter-argument

(C) reasserting the original argument and broadening its scope to resolve an inherent discrepancy

While the researcher responds by reasserting the original argument, he / she does not broaden the scope of the argument

(D) proposing an alternative hypothesis, in light of that objection

The researcher doesn't respond proposing an alternative hypothesis

(E) explaining how the content of the objection, in reality, supports the original argument

The researcher agrees with the Dietician's objection and clarifies the position taken by the researcher in light of his argument.

IMO E
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(B) drawing on a comparison and providing examples to strengthen a counterargument
There are examples in that last bit of dialogue, but there is no comparison to be found. The as in as a thermodynamic unit should be interpreted as an explanation: because it is a thermodynamic unit.
AndrewN

In the entire World Cup competition ques, I found your framed ques to be really challenging and have queries in both SC and CR ques.

As for this ques, why can't we construe that the comparison is between body at rest and body at work? In the first spoken part, the researcher talks about body at work "exercise long enough". On the contrary, in his second spoken part, the researcher talks about body at rest.

++KarishmaB egmat
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Kushchokhani
AndrewN
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(B) drawing on a comparison and providing examples to strengthen a counterargument
There are examples in that last bit of dialogue, but there is no comparison to be found. The as in as a thermodynamic unit should be interpreted as an explanation: because it is a thermodynamic unit.
AndrewN

In the entire World Cup competition ques, I found your framed ques to be really challenging and have queries in both SC and CR ques.

As for this ques, why can't we construe that the comparison is between body at rest and body at work? In the first spoken part, the researcher talks about body at work "exercise long enough". On the contrary, in his second spoken part, the researcher talks about body at rest.

++KarishmaB egmat
KarishmaB

I think that since I added you to my original post instead of mentioned in a new post, you didn't receive any intimation of my query. Creating a new post for the same.
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Kushchokhani
I think that since I added you to my original post instead of mentioned in a new post, you didn't receive any intimation of my query. Creating a new post for the same.

'Drawing on a comparison' would refer to 'illustrating a similitude' - Just like it happens in A, it happens in B too. You can explain a point by drawing on a comparison.
That is not happening here.

Also, there is no comparison between 'body at rest' and 'body in motion.' The researcher just points out that ALONG WITH the body in motion, body at rest loses a lot of calories too.
Also, the researcher is not supporting a counter argument (by giving examples). He is making no counter argument. He is explaining how the dietician's argument is actually supporting his own argument.

The dietician says that the laws of thermodynamics are applicable and the researcher agrees with 'that's just the point...' and then goes on to explain how the laws of thermodynamics support what he said.
Hence (E) works here.
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