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555-605 Level|   Assumption|                                             
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Thanks to all the experts for sharing the detailed explanation. However, it would be indeed helpful if someone can help me eliminate C vs E.
The statement 'and it takes several pounds of grain to produce one pound of meat'. Does it emphasize on raising livestock for meat or it focuses on grain consumption amongst the population?

Thanks!
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14shubham
Thanks to all the experts for sharing the detailed explanation. However, it would be indeed helpful if someone can help me eliminate C vs E.

The statement 'and it takes several pounds of grain to produce one pound of meat'. Does it emphasize on raising livestock for meat or it focuses on grain consumption amongst the population?
Sorry, I'm not quite sure what you're asking in that last sentence, but I'll do my best to try to answer anyway.

The idea is that if meat consumption rises by, say, 1 million pounds and grain consumption (the amount of grain consumed directly by the people) does not change, then overall demand for grain will increase by SEVERAL million pounds (because several million pounds of grain are needed to produce the extra 1 million pounds of meat).

Since Gortland is currently NARROWLY self-sufficient in both grain and meat, it would have to start importing grain and/or meat in that case. However, if grain consumption decreases dramatically, that might offset an increase in meat consumption.

In order for the argument to work, the latter scenario needs to be ruled out, and that's why (C) is a necessary assumption.

For more on that, check out this post: https://gmatclub.com/forum/gortland-has ... l#p2276444.
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I have two reasonings for B
Any opinion which one looks good or both?

Population can looked from 2 perspective : income earner or the grain/meat consumer, in former - if not remained constant, changed may be due to infant/senior citizen. If later, negate - may increase too and if this happens import would be need hence strengthen.
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Samreensa
I have two reasonings for B
Any opinion which one looks good or both?

Population can looked from 2 perspective : income earner or the grain/meat consumer, in former - if not remained constant, changed may be due to infant/senior citizen. If later, negate - may increase too and if this happens import would be need hence strengthen.
Samreensa Your instinct to examine population is good, but here's what's happening: The argument uses \(per capita\) measures throughout - "per capita income" and "per capita consumption." These are rate measures (consumption/person), not total measures.

Why B Seems Tempting But Isn't Essential

You correctly identified that if population changes, it affects total consumption. However:
- The argument could still work even if population increased (more people = more total consumption needed)
- The argument could still work even if population decreased slightly (if the per capita increase is large enough)

The argument doesn't depend on population being constant - it just needs total grain demand to exceed domestic production.

The Real Assumption - Option E

The critical assumption is about consumption substitution patterns. Here's the grain flow:
  1. Grain can be consumed directly (as bread, rice, etc.)
  2. Grain can be fed to animals to produce meat (several pounds of grain → \(1\) pound of meat)

The argument assumes that when people eat more meat, they don't drastically reduce their direct grain consumption. If they did:
- Person eats \(+1\) pound of meat (needs \(5\) pounds of grain to produce)
- Same person eats \(-4\) pounds of grain directly
- Net grain requirement only increases by \(1\) pound (not \(5\) pounds!)
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