Historically, monetary systems have developed only in population cente

Historically, monetary systems have developed only in population centers with marketplaces. Through the fourth century B.C., Mesopotamian cities engaged in trade, but had never had marketplaces. By that period, however, Greek cities all had marketplaces, or agorae. The Greek cities’ agorae were centrally located and goods were traded there either for money or for commodities.

If all of the statements in the passage are true, then which one of the following must also be true?

(A) In the fourth century B.C., Greek cities were the only population centers with monetary systems.
no such premise provided.
(B) The development of monetary systems has historically led to the development of marketplaces.
Market places ahve monetory system and not the other way,
(C) In the fourth century B.C., the Greeks and the Mesopotamians traded with each other.
No such premise that they traded with each other
(D) After the fourth century B.C., Mesopotamian cities had marketplaces and monetary systems.
No such premise provide in the argument.they may or they may not

(E) The Mesopotamian cities of the fourth century B.C. did not have monetary systems.
Correct answer, clearly stated in the premise that mesoptamian citeis did not have monetary systems.

the stimulus utilized conditional reasoning.
monetary systems -- Essential condition
population centers with marketplaces -- Sufficient condition

monetary systems --> population centers with marketplaces

The following statement forms contrapositive condition. (Not B -- > Not A)

Mesopotamian cities engaged in trade, but had never had marketplaces -- > No monetary systems


If all of the statements in the passage are true, then which one of the following must also be true?

(A) In the fourth century B.C., Greek cities were the only population centers with monetary systems.- Cannot be proved by Argument
(B) The development of monetary systems has historically led to the development of marketplaces. - mistake reversal, Signifies A is not lead to B directly
(C) In the fourth century B.C., the Greeks and the Mesopotamians traded with each other. - Cannot be proved by Argument
(D) After the fourth century B.C., Mesopotamian cities had marketplaces and monetary systems.- Cannot be proved by Argument
(E) The Mesopotamian cities of the fourth century B.C. did not have monetary systems. -- No Market places --> No Monetary systems [Not A --> Not B]

Historically, monetary systems have developed only in population centers with marketplaces. Through the fourth century B.C., Mesopotamian cities engaged in trade, but had never had marketplaces. By that period, however, Greek cities all had marketplaces, or agorae. The Greek cities’ agorae were centrally located and goods were traded there either for money or for commodities.

If all of the statements in the passage are true, then which one of the following must also be true?

(A) In the fourth century B.C., Greek cities were the only population centers with monetary systems. - WRONG. Only is a problem.
(B) The development of monetary systems has historically led to the development of marketplaces. - WRONG. Causality reversed.
(C) In the fourth century B.C., the Greeks and the Mesopotamians traded with each other. - WRONG. Not at all.
(D) After the fourth century B.C., Mesopotamian cities had marketplaces and monetary systems. - WRONG. What was there after 4th century is not inferable from passage.
(E) The Mesopotamian cities of the fourth century B.C. did not have monetary systems. - CORRECT. Either Greek cities had monetary systems or Mesopotamian cities didn't have them. The latter is true.

Answer E.