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26 Aug 2020, 08:00
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74% (02:16) correct
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The health minister recently argued for a policy of Prohibition to be implemented across the country. While making it clear that there were no plans for a nationwide implementation of this policy, he strongly opposed the growing culture of alcohol abuse amongst youngsters in the metropolises.. He pointed out that in metropolises like Bangalore and Chennai, this culture was the most rampant. According to According to a government survey, the average age of commencement of alcohol use in India has reduced from 28 years in 1990 to 19 years in 2008another survey, by a well-known NGO, in New Delhi, alcohol is available across the counter and does not require any license. Most importantly, according to the survey, youngsters as young as 15 could obtain alcohol from places like petrol pumps. From this data, the NGO concluded that alcoholism is becoming a major problem in India.
Which of the following, if true, significantly weakens the conclusion stated in the above passage?
A. The agencies involved in the surveys have totally overlooked the problem of alcohol abuse prevalent in rural India, which is by some estimates far graver than the problem in the metropolises.
B. The members of the NGO and the government have not been able to reach a consensus regarding the surveys.
C. The methods used to conduct the surveys are faulty in the sense that they concentrate on the percentage of people who consume alcohol, and not the duration of the addiction or any specific health effects of it.
D. The surveys have concentrated on only a specific section of the country's populace, and drawn conclusions based on the preferences of a very select and insignificant income group in society.
E. The surveys have not received official sanction from the executive organ of the government.
Which of the following, if true, significantly weakens the conclusion stated in the above passage?
A. The agencies involved in the surveys have totally overlooked the problem of alcohol abuse prevalent in rural India, which is by some estimates far graver than the problem in the metropolises.
B. The members of the NGO and the government have not been able to reach a consensus regarding the surveys.
C. The methods used to conduct the surveys are faulty in the sense that they concentrate on the percentage of people who consume alcohol, and not the duration of the addiction or any specific health effects of it.
D. The surveys have concentrated on only a specific section of the country's populace, and drawn conclusions based on the preferences of a very select and insignificant income group in society.
E. The surveys have not received official sanction from the executive organ of the government.
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27 Aug 2020, 08:15
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Quote:
CRACK Verbal Explanation
The health minister recently argued for a policy of Prohibition to be implemented across the country. This is based on the reports available by a survey and what the NGOs have concluded (that alcoholism is becoming a major problem in India.)
If we have to weaken the argument then we need to attack the minister’s Major premise on which he bases his conclusion.
A. The agencies involved in the surveys have totally overlooked the problem of alcohol abuse prevalent in rural India, which is by some estimates far graver than the problem in the metropolises. (There is no comparison between rural and Urban India, also this option will go in sync with Minister’s concern)
B. The members of the NGO and the government have not been able to reach a consensus regarding the surveys. (Lack of Consensus does not negate the veracity of the surveys)
C. The methods used to conduct the surveys are faulty in the sense that they concentrate on the percentage of people who consume alcohol, and not the duration of the addiction or any specific health effects of it. (Although it mentions survey can be flawed but finds no error in the percentage of people who consume alcohol but on scant data related to duration and effect of Alcohol. These are not parameters discussed by author – we are concerned about the licensing policy- Out of scope option.)
D. The surveys have concentrated on only a specific section of the country's populace, and drawn conclusions based on the preferences of a very select and insignificant income group in society. (If this is true, then nationwide implementation of a policy cannot be a right course of action – thus this option reduces the urgency or seriousness of the situation)
E. The surveys have not received official sanction from the executive organ of the government. (Official Sanction of government is not a criterion for a survey to be true or false)
General Discussion
26 Aug 2020, 10:40
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The question is that which of the following weakens the CONCLUSION?
The text is huge and we need to discern what we are asked to weaken. Most of the argument consists of claims and statistical data. The only conclusion made is at the end of the paragraph, done by the NGO. The NGO concludes, from a certain data, that alcoholism is a big problem in INDIA. There can be different weakeners:
- Whether the data was representative of the entire country? All layers of populations?
- Whether the surveyed samples are from all over the India?
- Whether the author is not making a sweeping generalization, basing on a small data, or partial data?
Let’s check the choices one by one:
A. The agencies involved in the surveys have totally overlooked the problem of alcohol abuse prevalent in rural India, which is by some estimates far graver than the problem in the metropolises.
The conclusion made by the NGO doesn’t base its conclusion on the surveys of agencies. Or, if the alcoholism even bigger problem in rural areas, then it may indeed be a big problem. This choice strengthens rather than weakens the conclusion. The correct weakener must show that the problem may be not so big in reality.
B. The members of the NGO and the government have not been able to reach a consensus regarding the surveys.
The fact that such hasn’t been achieved doesn’t necessarily mean that the alcoholism may be not such a big problem. In other words, regardless of the consensus, the results and the conclusion of the NGO may very well be true, while the government is wrong.
C. The methods used to conduct the surveys are faulty in the sense that they concentrate on the percentage of people who consume alcohol, and not the duration of the addiction or any specific health effects of it.
The survey of the NGO on which its conclusion was based doesn’t tell about any percentage. Its conclusion is based on the fact that alcohol is widely available and even 15 years olds can buy it. Moreover, without the prolonged addiction and specific health effect, alcoholism still may be a big problem. For example, one doesn’t have to be addicted to commit a crime, accidents on roads, and other crimes while they are drunk. Not the weakener we arelooking for.
D. The surveys have concentrated on only a specific section of the country's populace, and drawn conclusions based on the preferences of a very select and insignificant income group in society.
Bingo. The correct answer. Indeed the NGO’s survey concentrated on the wide availability of the alcohol and the age of people who consume it.
To be more precise, the NGO concludes that alcoholism is becoming a big problem because too young people have access to them. But what NGO misses is that most 15 year old people may not afford to buy alcohol regularly so that this becomes a big problem.
E. The surveys have not received official sanction from the executive organ of the government.
The fact that “the surveys have not received official sanction from the executive organ of the government” doesn’t necessarily mean that the NGO might be exaggerating the problem. The problem might still be profound. So, this choice doesn’t affect the conclusion.
Hence D
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The text is huge and we need to discern what we are asked to weaken. Most of the argument consists of claims and statistical data. The only conclusion made is at the end of the paragraph, done by the NGO. The NGO concludes, from a certain data, that alcoholism is a big problem in INDIA. There can be different weakeners:
- Whether the data was representative of the entire country? All layers of populations?
- Whether the surveyed samples are from all over the India?
- Whether the author is not making a sweeping generalization, basing on a small data, or partial data?
Let’s check the choices one by one:
A. The agencies involved in the surveys have totally overlooked the problem of alcohol abuse prevalent in rural India, which is by some estimates far graver than the problem in the metropolises.
The conclusion made by the NGO doesn’t base its conclusion on the surveys of agencies. Or, if the alcoholism even bigger problem in rural areas, then it may indeed be a big problem. This choice strengthens rather than weakens the conclusion. The correct weakener must show that the problem may be not so big in reality.
B. The members of the NGO and the government have not been able to reach a consensus regarding the surveys.
The fact that such hasn’t been achieved doesn’t necessarily mean that the alcoholism may be not such a big problem. In other words, regardless of the consensus, the results and the conclusion of the NGO may very well be true, while the government is wrong.
C. The methods used to conduct the surveys are faulty in the sense that they concentrate on the percentage of people who consume alcohol, and not the duration of the addiction or any specific health effects of it.
The survey of the NGO on which its conclusion was based doesn’t tell about any percentage. Its conclusion is based on the fact that alcohol is widely available and even 15 years olds can buy it. Moreover, without the prolonged addiction and specific health effect, alcoholism still may be a big problem. For example, one doesn’t have to be addicted to commit a crime, accidents on roads, and other crimes while they are drunk. Not the weakener we arelooking for.
D. The surveys have concentrated on only a specific section of the country's populace, and drawn conclusions based on the preferences of a very select and insignificant income group in society.
Bingo. The correct answer. Indeed the NGO’s survey concentrated on the wide availability of the alcohol and the age of people who consume it.
To be more precise, the NGO concludes that alcoholism is becoming a big problem because too young people have access to them. But what NGO misses is that most 15 year old people may not afford to buy alcohol regularly so that this becomes a big problem.
E. The surveys have not received official sanction from the executive organ of the government.
The fact that “the surveys have not received official sanction from the executive organ of the government” doesn’t necessarily mean that the NGO might be exaggerating the problem. The problem might still be profound. So, this choice doesn’t affect the conclusion.
Hence D
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