How much more interest will maria receive if she invests 1000$ for one year at x % annual interest, compounded semi-annually, than if she invests 1000$ for one year at x percent annual interest, compounded annually?
This question tests your understanding of interest as an application of percentage increase.
Case 1: she invests 1000$ for one year at x percent annual interest, compounded annually ==>The interest is calculated annually and at the end of the year, 1000 $ will be increased by x% . She will get an interest of x% of 1000 $.
Case 2: she invests 1000$ for one year at x % annual interest, compounded semiannually===>Here the interest is calculated semi-annually ( every half year ). Since x% is the annual interest rate, for the half-year, the rate of interest would be x/2%. So we can say that 1000$ is increased by x/2 % at the end of every half-year ( 6 months ) for 1 year. i.e 1000 $ is successively increased by x/2 % for 2 times.
If you are the clear with above statements, then this question would be easy for you. We are asked to find how much more interest she got in case 2 compared with case 1.
There are multiple ways to approach this question
#1:
Using the successive increase formulaWhen a value is successively increased by a % then by b%, the overall effective % increase would be a + b + ab/100.Applying above formula in Case 2: When a value is successively increased by x/2 % then again by x/2% , the overall effective % increase would be x/2 + x/2 + x/2*x/2/100 = x + \(x^2\)/400 %
How much more interest she got in case 2 compared with case 1. = (x + \(x^2\)/400 )% of 1000 - x % of 1000 = (\(x^2\)/400 ) % of 1000 = (\(x^2\)/400)/100 *1000 = \(x^2\)/40
Option D is the answer.#2:
Plugin values for xLet's assume that
x =20% Why did I pick 20 %? Because it's easy to calculate 20 % as well as x/2 i.e 10 %. Whenever you plugin values, always choose the number wisely.
Case 1: Interest = 20 % of 1000 = 200$
Case 2: 1000 is increased by 10 % ,2 times. So the final amount = 1210 $
Interest = 1210 - 1000 = 210$
Difference in the interest = 210 -200 = 10$
Substituting x as 20 in the answer choices, only Option D will satisfy.
Option D :\( x^2 \)/40= \(20^2\)/40 = 400/40 =10
Thanks,
Clifin J Francis,
GMAT Mentor.