If we are going to continue talking about intelligence, we need to at least make sure we’re talking about the same thing. Our starting point is (we hope) uncontroversial: intelligence is a label that humans use to help dissect the world. The label’s existence does not automatically mean that there is a single, true thing to which it corresponds; just as, a few centuries ago, having the word phlogiston did not guarantee the existence of a special substance contained in burnable things. That may seem obvious, but it emphasises that ultimately it is people who choose and name what matters. To answer the question of what intelligence is, we first need to recognise that it’s us – people – asking that question.
Which of the following statements, if true, would
most strengthen the author's argument about the subjective nature of intelligence?
(A) Recent advances in neuroscience have pinpointed a specific area of the brain responsible for all aspects of human intelligence.
(B) Different cultures have historically defined and valued intelligence in diverse ways, reflecting varied societal priorities.
(C) Studies have shown a strong correlation between academic success and standardized measures of intelligence quotient (IQ).
(D) Psychologists generally agree on a universally applicable definition of intelligence based on cognitive abilities.
(E) Artificial intelligence research aims to replicate human intelligence using algorithms that simulate cognitive processes.