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robingoyal
In 1991, Belgravian workers spent an average of slightly less than twelve hours a week on recreational activities: by 2007. they had spent almost eighteen hours a week.

a. activities; by 2007, they had spent almost eighteen hours a week
b. activities; by 2007, that figure had risen to almost eighteen hours a week.
c. activities, while almost eighteen hours a week were spent in 2007.
d. activities, compared with a figure of almost eighteen hours a week in 2007.
e. activities, the figure rising to almost eighteen hours a week by 2007.

Correct answer must be (B) for correact usage of Past Perfect Tense ...

For more details visit the following link - https://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/pastperfect.html
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Could anyone please explain me how THAT in option B refers back to “time spent”

Thanks in advance..

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SuryaNouliGMAT
Could anyone please explain me how THAT in option B refers back to “time spent”
that does not directly refer to time spent; figure refers (alludes) to slightly less than twelve hours a week; that refers to figure.
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Activity in 1991 is more in the past than that in 2007, so how is option b correct?
Option B uses had risen for event in 2007 and simple past for an event in 1991.
Why not Option C ?

robingoyal
In 1991, Belgravian workers spent an average of slightly less than twelve hours a week on recreational activities: by 2007. they had spent almost eighteen hours a week.

a. activities; by 2007, they had spent almost eighteen hours a week
b. activities; by 2007, that figure had risen to almost eighteen hours a week.
c. activities, while almost eighteen hours a week were spent in 2007.
d. activities, compared with a figure of almost eighteen hours a week in 2007.
e. activities, the figure rising to almost eighteen hours a week by 2007.
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Ansh777
Activity in 1991 is more in the past than that in 2007, so how is option b correct?
Option B uses had risen for event in 2007 and simple past for an event in 1991.
Hi Ansh777, the crux of Past Perfect is:

Past perfect expresses the scenario that an event happened at some point before another event in the past, or at some point before another time in the past.

Here, the sentence under consideration is:

by 2007, that figure had risen to almost eighteen hours a week.

The event of the figure rising to almost eighteen hours a week, happened at some point before another time (in this case, 2007) in the past. Hence, past perfect (had risen) is the appropriate usage here.

You can watch our video on Past Perfect Tense.

p.s. Our book EducationAisle Sentence Correction Nirvana discusses Past Perfect tense. If you or someone is interested, PM me your email-id; I can mail the corresponding section.
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