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Wasted less energy on/for - For is unidiomatic
Also if we look for the sake of parallelism with the entire sentence we can eliminate A/C/E ..on war..on beneficial activities ||
B/w B and D - Use of Past perfect in B is not required, as we are presenting a fact having no visible chronology in the meaning.

D is the right answer
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Quote:
In 1999, biologist Ted Case concluded that the lack of aggression among Argentine ant colonies somehow helped them to compete with other species: simply by not fighting with their neighbors, the Argentine ants wasted less energy for war and could spend more time and energy on beneficial activities.

Quote:
A) simply by not fighting with their neighbors, the Argentine ants wasted less energy for
C) that simply by not fighting with their neighbors, the Argentine ants wasted less energy for
Look at the non-underlined 'on'. This will give you a split that we have to use 'energy on' and not 'energy for' to create a nice parallel structure.Eliminate

Quote:
B) the Argentine ants, simply by not fighting with their neighbors, had been wasting less energy on
Usage of past perfect 'had' is incorrect as we have no later past to show relation. Incorrect

Quote:
D) that simply by not fighting with their neighbors, the Argentine ants wasted less energy on
Nice structure. Parallelism maintained.
the Argentine ants wasted less energy on war and could spend more time and energy on beneficial activities.
Correct.


Quote:
E) in simply not fighting with their neighbors, the Argentine ants wasted less energy towards
Usage of 'energy on' is much better and creates a parallel structure than usage of 'energy towards'. D is much better. Eliminate.

IMO D
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