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BarneyStinson
In an experiment, two different types of recorded music were played for neonates in adjacent nurseries in a hospital. In nursery A, classical music was played: in nursery B, rock music was played. After two weeks, it was found that the babies in nursery A cried less, suffered fewer minor ailments, and gained more weight than did the babies in nursery B.

In evaluating the validity of the conclusion suggested by the experiment above it would be most important to know which of the following?
A) The musical preferences of the parents of the two groups of newborns.
B) Whether the newborns in both the nurseries were equally healthy and happy at the start of the experiment.
C) Whether loud rock music can damage the hearing of newborns.
D) what the average weight of the neonates was before and after the experiment
E) Whether the music was played in the nurseries at all times or only at certain times.

OA after discussion.

Please explain in detail the options you choose.

I say (B) beause we need to be sure that they were both comparable at the beginning in order to draw the conclusion that music was the factor that cause something to happen (In this cse the fact that babies gained more weight, etc..)

But (C) was very close though, cause if their ears were damaged maybe that was the reason why they were complaining more and having that kind of behaviour. Anyways, I think (C) just pushes it a little bit to the limit.

Hence (B) safer choice

Hope it helps
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A) The musical preferences of the parents of the two groups of newborns.--- Parents preference is irrelevant. Incorrect.
B) Whether the newborns in both the nurseries were equally healthy and happy at the start of the experiment.--- With this we can fairly compare the kids before and after. CORRECT.
C) Whether loud rock music can damage the hearing of newborns.--- The loud just adds new information. We are not told about the volume of the music. incorrect
D) what the average weight of the neonates was before and after the experiment--- Average weight is just one of the factors. What about the other two? Incorrect.
E) Whether the music was played in the nurseries at all times or only at certain times.--- Irrelevant. Incorrect
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Nursery A: Classical music, Children in nursery A In an experiment, two different types of recorded music were played for neonates

To evaluate we can compare two things when other things are equal.

That we have to start from the same origin.

Hence (B).
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Answer: B) Whether the newborns in both the nurseries were equally healthy and happy at the start of the experiment.

Explanation:
To evaluate the validity of the conclusion that classical music had a more positive effect on the neonates in Nursery A compared to the rock music in Nursery B, it is crucial to establish that both groups of babies started out under similar conditions. This means that the newborns in both nurseries should have been equally healthy and happy at the beginning of the experiment.

If there were significant differences in the initial health and happiness levels between the two groups, the observed differences in crying, ailments, and weight gain might be due to those initial differences rather than the type of music played. Ensuring that the starting conditions were similar allows us to more confidently attribute the differences in outcomes to the variable being tested—in this case, the type of music.
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Hello from the GMAT Club VerbalBot!

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