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GMAT Club Verbal Expert
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Re: In current historiography, the picture of a consistent, unequivocal de
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 28 Dec 2017, 09:55
Poorvasha wrote: Hi thingocanhnguyen, Q4 is an inference question. You will find texts directly in the passage to answer this. 4. It can be inferred from the passage that women did work in (A) American cheesemaking at some point prior to industrialization- The passage states that "Their persistence in English cheese dairying contrasts with women’s early disappearance from arable agriculture in southeast England and from American cheese dairying.". This implies they disappeared from American cheese dairying and this means they were involved in this before, hence, the disappearance. This can be inferred.
(B) arable agriculture in northern England both before and after the agricultural revolution - The passage does not talk about arable agriculture in England so this can't be inferred.
(C) arable agriculture in southeast England after the agricultural revolution, in those locales in which cultural values supported their participation - The passage states "Their persistence in English cheese dairying contrasts with women’s early disappearance from arable agriculture in southeast England and from American cheese dairying". hence, this can also not be inferred.
(D) the sale of cheese at local markets in England even after the agricultural revolution - The passage states "Earlier, she maintained, women had concerned themselves with feeding cows, rearing calves, and even selling the cheese in local markets and fairs. Pinchbeck thought that the advent of specialization meant that women’s work in cheese dairying was reduced simply to processing the milk". Hence, their role was no longer in the sale of cheese and thus, this can't be inferred. (E) some areas of American cheese dairying after industrialization- It is clearly mentioned as quoted in options above that women disappeared form American cheese dairying.
Hope this helped! Please consider Kudos if it did  Thanks Poorvasha for the explanation!
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Re: In current historiography, the picture of a consistent, unequivocal de
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06 Jan 2018, 06:33
Poorvasha wrote: Hi VeritasPrepKarishma, Can you please explain question 1 ? Thanks Here is what I make out from the passage: Till now, there was a picture of a consistent, unequivocal decline in women’s status with the advent of capitalism and industrialization. This is exemplified through Pinchbeck's English cheese making in which women used to do everything in pre capitalist era but were confined to few tasks with the advent of capitalism. It is now giving way to an analysis that not only emphasizes both change and continuity but also accounts for geographical and occupational variation. The cheese making is discussed again showing that women’s control seldom extended to the disposal of the proceeds of their work so pre capitalist era wasn't all that it is made out to be. Also, it is discussed that women did the most imp work even in capitalist era. Then examples of agriculture and American cheese making are discussed to show differences in case of different occupations. Now we use elimination on the options of question 1: The primary purpose of the passage is to (A) present recently discovered evidence that supports a conventional interpretation of a historical period No, the conventional interpretation is giving way to a new interpretation. So incorrect. (B) describe how reinterpretations of available evidence have reinvigorated a once-discredited scholarly position There is no "coming back to an old theory". There is an old theory which is giving way to a new one now. Incorrect. (C) explain why some historians have tended to emphasize change rather than continuity in discussing a particular period The historians are now emphasising "change AND continuity". Incorrect (D) explore how changes in a particular occupation serve to counter the prevailing view of a historical period Changes in English cheese making are discussed to show support for the view prevailing till now. It does not counter it. (E) examine a particular area of historical research in order to exemplify a general scholarly trend British cheese making is discussed to exemplify how historical picture is giving way to new analysis. Answer (E)
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Re: In current historiography, the picture of a consistent, unequivocal de
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01 Jun 2018, 09:21
GMATNinja wrote: HKD1710, pikolo2510Quote: 1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) present recently discovered evidence that supports a conventional interpretation of a historical period
(B) describe how reinterpretations of available evidence have reinvigorated a once-discredited scholarly position
(C) explain why some historians have tended to emphasize change rather than continuity in discussing a particular period
(D) explore how changes in a particular occupation serve to counter the prevailing view of a historical period
(E) examine a particular area of historical research in order to exemplify a general scholarly trend The author first tells us that the picture of women's status with the advent of capitalism and industrialization is changing. The old picture (a consistent, unequivocal decline in women’s status with the advent of capitalism and industrialization) is giving way to a new analysis. The author then describes the book by Pinchbeck as an example of the old picture. Finally, the author describes the flaws in this example, demonstrating how the new analysis, unlike the old picture, "emphasizes change (improvement or decline) and continuity and also accounts for geographical and occupational variations." The author of the passage thus examines a particular area of historical research ("the history of women’s work in English farmhouse cheese making between 1800 and 1930") as an example of how the old picture of women's status is giving way to a new analysis. Choice (E) describes this overall purpose. Quote: 2. Regarding English local markets and fairs, which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
(A) Both before and after the agricultural revolution, the sellers of agricultural products at these venues were men.
(B) Knowing who the active sellers were at these venues may not give a reliable indication of who controlled the revenue from the sales.
(C) There were no parallel institutions at which American cheese makers could sell their own products.
(D) Prior to the agricultural revolution, the sellers of agricultural products at these venues were generally the producers themselves.
(E) Prior to the agricultural revolution, women sold not only cheese but also products of arable agriculture at these venues. In the first paragraph, we are told that before the agricultural revolution, women sold cheese at local markets and fairs. In the second paragraph, we are told that "women’s control seldom extended to the disposal of the proceeds of their work" and that "selling the cheese did not necessarily imply access to the money." In other words, just because the women sold the cheese does not mean they controlled the money from those sales. Thus, choice (B) is the best answer. Quote: 3. The passage describes the work of Pinchbeck primarily in order to
(A) demonstrate that some of the conclusions reached by recent historians were anticipated in earlier scholarship
(B) provide an instance of the viewpoint that, according to the passage’s author, is being superseded
(C) illustrate the ways in which recent historians have built on the work of their predecessors
(D) provide a point of reference for subsequent scholarship on women’s work during the agricultural revolution
(E) show the effect that the specialization introduced in the agricultural and industrial revolutions had on women’s work As described in the explanation of the first question, the Pinchbeck book is described as an example of the old picture. The old picture is giving way (i.e. "being superseded) by a new analysis. Thus the passage describes the work of Pinchbeck primarily in order to (B) provide an instance of the viewpoint that, according to the passage’s author, is being superseded. Quote: 4. It can be inferred from the passage that women did work in
(A) American cheesemaking at some point prior to industrialization
(B) arable agriculture in northern England both before and after the agricultural revolution
(C) arable agriculture in southeast England after the agricultural revolution, in those locales in which cultural values supported their participation
(D) the sale of cheese at local markets in England even after the agricultural revolution
(E) some areas of American cheese dairying after industrialization The key to this question lies in the following portion: "[Women's] persistence in English cheese dairying contrasts with women’s early disappearance from arable agriculture in southeast England and from American cheese dairying." If women disappeared from American cheese dairying with the advent of industrialization, then women must have worked in American cheese dairying prior to industrialization. Choice (A) is the best answer. hello GMATNinjacan please tell me what does q1 choice D mean? i was confused between choiceD and E
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Re: In current historiography, the picture of a consistent, unequivocal de
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09 Jun 2018, 21:28
JAIN09 wrote: hello GMATNinja
can please tell me what does q1 choice D mean?
i was confused between choiceD and E I'm happy to help, JAIN09. Let's zero in on the two choices you'd like to clear up: Quote: 1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(D) explore how changes in a particular occupation serve to counter the prevailing view of a historical period
(E) examine a particular area of historical research in order to exemplify a general scholarly trend Recall from my previous post that overall, the author examines a particular area of historical research (the history of women’s work in English farmhouse cheese making between 1800 and 1930) to illustrate how the old analysis of women's status (which portrayed a consistent, unequivocal decline) is giving way to a new analysis (one that acknowledges the presence of positive change, negative change, and continuity). Quote: (D) explore how changes in a particular occupation serve to counter the prevailing view of a historical period (D) is a tempting choice because it sounds good. The author certainly talks about cheese making a lot, and does seem to counter a prevailing view of cheese making. However, our job as GMAT experts isn't to pick what sounds good. We need to answer the precise question being asked. This question is asking us for the primary purpose of the passage, so that's what we need to find in our answer choices. If we choose (D), we say that the overall purpose of this passage is to explore how changes in a particular occupation (various types of operations in cheese making) serve to counter the prevailing view of a historical period (the history of women's work in English farmhouse cheese between 1800 and 1930). But is the author trying to show us how CHANGES in cheese making served to counter the prevailing view? The prevailing view is that women's status declined consistently and unequivocally (without any doubt) with the advent of capitalism and industrialization. Pinchbeck's book fits with the prevailing view because it focuses on the decline (i.e. negative changes) in women's status. But Pinchbeck's book (the prevailing view) MISSES a "substantial element of continuity in women’s participation: throughout the period women did the central work of actually making cheese." The prevailing view is focused on the changes in cheese making (i.e. the decline in women's status). But the new analysis focuses on improvement, decline, AND continuity. So it's the continuity in English farmhouse cheesemaking--not the changes--that serves to counter the prevailing view. Quote: (E) examine a particular area of historical research in order to exemplify a general scholarly trend If we choose (E), we say that the overall purpose of this passage is to examine a particular area of historical research (the history of women's work in English farmhouse cheese between 1800 and 1930) in order to exemplify a general scholarly trend (the transition to the current style of historical analysis). (E) is a much better fit for our understanding of the author's overall purpose. If there's any doubt left, double check the passage to confirm when and why the author brings up women's cheese making in the first place: Quote: In current historiography, the picture of a consistent, unequivocal decline in women’s status with the advent of capitalism and industrialization is giving way to an analysis that not only emphasizes both change (whether improvement or decline) and continuity but also accounts for geographical and occupational variation. The history of women’s work in English farmhouse cheese making between 1800 and 1930 is a case in point. This passage sets out to tell us about a change in the historical analysis of women's status during industrialization. The history of women's work in English cheese is one example of this greater trend in historiography. Therefore, (E) is the correct answer to question #1. I hope this explanation wasn’t too cheesy! (OK, fine. That was pretty awful. Cut me some slack: I'm a new dad, and working on my dad jokes....)
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Re: In current historiography, the picture of a consistent, unequivocal de
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17 Jun 2018, 04:56
3/4 in 6 mins. Very good passage. Quite challenging as it had a lot of intricacies.
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Re: In current historiography, the picture of a consistent, unequivocal de
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08 Jul 2018, 17:20
Hi mikemcgarry, Can you please explain why choice D in question 3 is wrong?
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Re: In current historiography, the picture of a consistent, unequivocal de
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17 Aug 2018, 11:40
Hi jennpt, Can you please explain the main problem with choice D and what "general scholarly trend" in E the question is referring to? 1. The primary purpose of the passage is to (A) present recently discovered evidence that supports a conventional interpretation of a historical period (B) describe how reinterpretations of available evidence have reinvigorated a once-discredited scholarly position (C) explain why some historians have tended to emphasize change rather than continuity in discussing a particular period (D) explore how changes in a particular occupation serve to counter the prevailing view of a historical period (E) examine a particular area of historical research in order to exemplify a general scholarly trend Thank you! There are some explanations on this but I still don't see it.
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Re: In current historiography, the picture of a consistent, unequivocal de
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07 Sep 2018, 07:27
GMATNinja wrote: Quote: (D) explore how changes in a particular occupation serve to counter the prevailing view of a historical period (D) is a tempting choice because it sounds good. The author certainly talks about cheese making a lot, and does seem to counter a prevailing view of cheese making. However, our job as GMAT experts isn't to pick what sounds good. We need to answer the precise question being asked. This question is asking us for the primary purpose of the passage, so that's what we need to find in our answer choices. If we choose (D), we say that the overall purpose of this passage is to explore how changes in a particular occupation (various types of operations in cheese making) serve to counter the prevailing view of a historical period (the history of women's work in English farmhouse cheese between 1800 and 1930). But is the author trying to show us how CHANGES in cheese making served to counter the prevailing view? The prevailing view is that women's status declined consistently and unequivocally (without any doubt) with the advent of capitalism and industrialization. Pinchbeck's book fits with the prevailing view because it focuses on the decline (i.e. negative changes) in women's status. But Pinchbeck's book (the prevailing view) MISSES a "substantial element of continuity in women’s participation: throughout the period women did the central work of actually making cheese." The prevailing view is focused on the changes in cheese making (i.e. the decline in women's status). But the new analysis focuses on improvement, decline, AND continuity. So it's the continuity in English farmhouse cheesemaking--not the changes--that serves to counter the prevailing view. Hi GMATNinja, Frankly, I was struggling with D and E as well, i crossed off D because i cannot make sure Pinchbeck's work is prevailling view, while, you mentioned Pinchbeck's book fits with the prevailing view because it focuses on the decline , would you please elaborate further, why it is a prevailling view? Thanks in advance
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Re: In current historiography, the picture of a consistent, unequivocal de
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24 Sep 2018, 07:46
zoezhuyan wrote: GMATNinja wrote: Quote: (D) explore how changes in a particular occupation serve to counter the prevailing view of a historical period (D) is a tempting choice because it sounds good. The author certainly talks about cheese making a lot, and does seem to counter a prevailing view of cheese making. However, our job as GMAT experts isn't to pick what sounds good. We need to answer the precise question being asked. This question is asking us for the primary purpose of the passage, so that's what we need to find in our answer choices. If we choose (D), we say that the overall purpose of this passage is to explore how changes in a particular occupation (various types of operations in cheese making) serve to counter the prevailing view of a historical period (the history of women's work in English farmhouse cheese between 1800 and 1930). But is the author trying to show us how CHANGES in cheese making served to counter the prevailing view? The prevailing view is that women's status declined consistently and unequivocally (without any doubt) with the advent of capitalism and industrialization. Pinchbeck's book fits with the prevailing view because it focuses on the decline (i.e. negative changes) in women's status. But Pinchbeck's book (the prevailing view) MISSES a "substantial element of continuity in women’s participation: throughout the period women did the central work of actually making cheese." The prevailing view is focused on the changes in cheese making (i.e. the decline in women's status). But the new analysis focuses on improvement, decline, AND continuity. So it's the continuity in English farmhouse cheesemaking--not the changes--that serves to counter the prevailing view. Hi GMATNinja, Frankly, I was struggling with D and E as well, i crossed off D because i cannot make sure Pinchbeck's work is prevailling view, while, you mentioned Pinchbeck's book fits with the prevailing view because it focuses on the decline , would you please elaborate further, why it is a prevailling view? Thanks in advance "Prevailing" means "dominant" or "most apparent at the time." We know that Pinchbeck's work is part of the prevailing view because the author structures the citation of Pinchbeck's work to illustrate the current approach to historical research. We can see this in the opening of the passage: In current historiography, the picture of a consistent, unequivocal decline in women's status...is giving way to an analysis that not only emphasizes both change...and continuity but also accounts for geographical and occupational variation. The history of women's work in English farmhouse cheese making between 1800 and 1930 is a case in point. In her influential Women Workers and the Industrial Revolution (1930), Pinchbeck argued that... In these first few sentences, we learn that: - Current historiography is giving way to a new analysis.
- This case of women's work in English farmhouse cheese is an example of the current historiography.
- Pinchbeck's work is an example of this case.
In other words, if we ask, "Why does the author bring up PInchbeck's work?" then the answer is, "To illustrates the case of women's work in English farmhouse cheese, which itself shows how historical scholarship is changing more broadly." But be careful about getting too hung up on the use of "prevailing" in Choice (D). Remember the full text of this choice: Quote: (D) explore how changes in a particular occupation serve to counter the prevailing view of a historical period We've established that we should eliminate (D) because the author's main purpose is not to explore changes in cheese making. That's too narrow of a focus to capture what the author's doing with the passage as a whole. In any case, I hope that this clarifies how authors use the structure of their writing to link specific examples to more abstract statements. An extremely explicit statement isn't always necessary for us to connect these dots. I hope this helps!
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Re: In current historiography, the picture of a consistent, unequivocal de &nbs
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24 Sep 2018, 07:46
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