In metalwork one advantage of adhesive-bonding over spot-welding is that the contact, and hence the bonding, is effected continuously over a broad surface instead of a series of regularly spaced points with no bonding in between. (A) instead of (B) as opposed to (C) in contrast with (D) rather than at (E) as against being at The corrected sentence must contrast an effect of spot-welding with an effect of adhesive-bonding. To do so logically and grammatically, it must describe the effects in parallel terms. When inserted into the sentence, D produces the parallel construction over a broad surface rather than at a series . Having no word such as over or at indicate location, choices A, B, and C fail to complete the parallel and so illogically draw a contrast between surface and series . In E, as against being is a wordy and unidiomatic way to establish the intended contrast. Choice D is best. https://www.nytimes.com/1987/07/08/business/business-technology-advances.html An additional advantage of adhesive bonding over spot welding is that the contact is continuous, spreading the strength over a broad surface rather than at a series of joined points with no strength in between. While common adhesive tape requires a force of only about five pounds per square inch to detach it from a surface, some structural adhesives in use can withstand forces of up to 3,000 pounds per square inch. This compares with about 700 pounds per square inch for spot welds.

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In metalwork one advantage of adhesive-bonding over spot-welding is

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KarishmaB

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kavishek

KarishmaB - Logically 1 & 2 are parallel but am not able to understand how grammatically they are parallel , i.e 1st -Continuously is an adverb and 2nd part i.e at a....- is a prepositional phrase.

is effected
1) "continuously over a broad surface"
2) "at a series of regularly spaced points with no bonding in between

Request you to explain.

We need to look at the entire element, not what it begins with.

I will take either the SUV or the black sedan.

Here, 'SUV' is parallel to 'black sedan' even though 'black sedan' begins with an adjective. We are essentially talking about two nouns.

Similarly, the two parallel elements in our original sentence are prepositional phrases even if one of them begins with an adverb.

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