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In the 1930’s and 1940’s, African American industrial workers in the s 03 Jan 2024, 13:44
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Question 2: the bonus round


elizebethsunny
I still don't understand why it's not "c".

"Yet it can be argued that through contracts negotiated and enforced by White union members, unions—CIO unions not excluded—were often instrumental in maintaining the occupational segregation and other forms of racial discrimination that kept African Americans socially and economically oppressed during this period."

Doesn't this mean they persisted in opposing CIO's equjal rights policy?
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(C) is tempting! As you said, the actions of the White unionists "were often instrumental in maintaining the occupational segregation and other forms of racial discrimination that kept African Americans socially and economically oppressed during this period," which certainly goes against an"equal rights for all" policy.

But read choice (C) carefully: "They persisted in opposing the CIO’s adoption of a stated policy of equal rights for all." The words "adoption" and "stated" are crucial. Even though the racist unionists' actions went against an "equal rights for all" policy, those unionists did NOT (to our knowledge) oppose the CIO's adoption of that stated policy. After all, simply HAVING (i.e. adopting) a stated policy is much different actually ADHERING to that stated policy.

In other words, the racist unionists might have said, "Sure, go ahead and make 'equal rights for all' your stated policy. That doesn't mean we're actually going to help you achieve that goal. We'll keep negotiating/enforcing these racist contracts regardless of what your stated policy is."

I hope that helps!
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In the 1930’s and 1940’s, African American industrial workers in the s 04 Feb 2024, 07:48
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KarishmaB Q2 why not E?
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In the 1930’s and 1940’s, African American industrial workers in the s 05 Feb 2024, 01:58
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Elite097
KarishmaB Q2 why not E?
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Consider the question stem: 
According to the passage, which of the following was true of many racist White unionists during the period discussed in the passage?

Stated detail question. The answer is in the passage. Now ask yourself - what part of the passage supports option (E)?
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In the 1930’s and 1940’s, African American industrial workers in the s 24 Feb 2024, 10:39
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Hi MartyMurray KarishmaB avigutman egmat

Quote:
the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) organized integrated unions nationwide on the basis of a stated policy of equal rights for all, and African American unionists provided the CIO’s backbone.
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Though I was able to comprehend the passage to large extent, the portion starting after comma ', and African American unionists provided the CIO’s backbone.' has given me nightmare to get its literal meaning. what does this portion tring to say ?

' CIO supported African American unionists ' thats what I interpreted in the end.

Kindly can you help ?

Thanks !
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In the 1930’s and 1940’s, African American industrial workers in the s 24 Feb 2024, 20:46
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Quote:
Though I was able to comprehend the passage to large extent, the portion starting after comma ', and African American unionists provided the CIO’s backbone.' has given me nightmare to get its literal meaning. what does this portion tring to say ?

' CIO supported African American unionists ' thats what I interpreted in the end.

Kindly can you help ?

Thanks !
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It means African American unionists were an important part of the CIO. 
"X is the backbone of our company" means X is extremely important to our company.


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In the 1930’s and 1940’s, African American industrial workers in the s 19 Mar 2024, 22:06
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Quote:

3. The author of the passage suggests which of the following about African American workers who participated in union activities in the 1930’s and 1940’s?

(A) They believed that the elimination of discrimination within unions was a necessary first step toward the achievement of economic advancement for African Americans.
(B) They belonged exclusively to CIO unions because they were excluded from AFL unions.
(C) They believed that the economic advancement of African American workers depended on organized efforts to empower all workers.
(D) Some of them advocated the organization of separate African American unions because of discriminatory practices in the AFL and the CIO.
(E) Many of them did not believe that White unionists in CIO unions would tolerate or support racial discrimination against African American workers.[/box_in][/box_out]
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­
ANSWER is in the line:    However, recognizing employers’ power over workers as a central factor in African Americans’ economic marginalization, African American workers saw the need to join with White workers in seeking change despite White unionists’ toleration of or support for racial discrimination.

(C) They believed that the economic advancement of African American workers depended on organized efforts to empower all workers is the CORRECt answer.
 
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In the 1930’s and 1940’s, African American industrial workers in the s 05 Jul 2024, 04:03
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KarishmaB

Elite097
KarishmaB Q2 why not E?
Consider the question stem: 
According to the passage, which of the following was true of many racist White unionists during the period discussed in the passage?

Stated detail question. The answer is in the passage. Now ask yourself - what part of the passage supports option (E)?
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­KarishmaB this part supports it : White union members, unions—CIO unions not excluded—were often instrumental in maintaining the occupational segregation and other forms of racial discrimination that kept African Americans socially and economically oppressed during this period. i dont get why not E
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In the 1930’s and 1940’s, African American industrial workers in the s 17 Aug 2025, 12:06
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