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Knowledge of the winter behaviour of emperor penguins has 02 Feb 2017, 03:12
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sleepynut
Hi all,

It seems like we have two different questions getting merged under the same thread :

1)Knowledge of the winter behaviour of emperor penguins has been gained slowly because of high winds, temperatures around minus 60 degrees Fahrenheit, the fact of round-the-clock darkness and frequently sudden blizzards make the Antarctic habitats of the emperors dangerous places for humans in winter.

A. the fact of round-the-clock darkness and frequently sudden blizzards make
B. round-the-clock darkness, with frequently sudden blizzards, make
C. round-the-clock darkness, and frequent sudden blizzards make
D. the fact of round-the-clock darkness, with frequent sudden blizzards, making
E. round-the-clock darkness, and frequent sudden blizzards making

I will go with E for this version. "Because of" requires noun,thus the use of "make" is not appropriate.
Option D is out because we have several items that make studying the emperor penguin hard.
Just one question,"making" modifies only the last item of the list or the whole list?
I guess it is for only the last item.Comma is required to modifies the whole list.

2)Knowledge of the winter behaviour of emperor penguins has been gained slowly because of high winds, temperatures around minus 60 degrees Fahrenheit, the fact of round-the-clock darkness and frequently sudden blizzards make the Antarctic habitats of the emperors dangerous places for humans in winter.

A. of high winds, temperatures around minus 60 degrees Fahrenheit, the fact of round-the-clock darkness and frequently sudden blizzards make
B. of high winds, temperatures around minus 60 degrees Fahrenheit, round-the-clock darkness, with frequently sudden blizzards, make
C. high winds, temperatures around minus 60 degrees Fahrenheit, round-the-clock darkness, and frequent sudden blizzards make
D. high winds, temperatures around minus 60 degrees Fahrenheit, the fact of round-the-clock darkness, with frequent sudden blizzards, making
E. high winds, temperatures around minus 60 degrees Fahrenheit, round-the-clock darkness, and frequent sudden blizzards making

Presuming the underlined portion cover "of",I will go with C for this version.Option A and B are out since "because of" require noun.The use of "make" is inappropriate.Option D and E are out since "because" requires clause.
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No, it is not. The original poster messed up the underlined portion. I rectified the same some time back, and hence you see the difference.

(Note that if the beginning portions or the end portions are same for all the five options, they should NOT have been underlined in the first place - there MUST be differece in at least one option at the beginning and the same is true for the end.)
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Knowledge of the winter behaviour of emperor penguins has 28 Oct 2018, 19:50
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I would go with E on this one
As reasons are responsible for slow gain of knowledge and these reasons are making humans survival difficult
make usage wont correct the logical meaning of sentence
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Knowledge of the winter behaviour of emperor penguins has 19 Dec 2018, 00:55
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tinashine20
Knowledge of the winter behaviour of emperor penguins has been gained slowly because of high winds, temperatures around minus 60 degrees Fahrenheit, the fact of round-the-clock darkness and frequently sudden blizzards make the Antarctic habitats of the emperors dangerous places for humans in winter.

A. the fact of round-the-clock darkness and frequently sudden blizzards make
B. round-the-clock darkness, with frequently sudden blizzards, make
C. round-the-clock darkness, and frequent sudden blizzards make
D. the fact of round-the-clock darkness, with frequent sudden blizzards, making
E. round-the-clock darkness, and frequent sudden blizzards making
Show more

"the fact of..." breaks the parallelism so A and D can be eliminated.
Cause-effect relationship so "comma + verb + ing" form is desired. Hence, B and C can be eliminated.
E conveys the meaning clearly while conserving the parallelism as well.
E it is.
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Knowledge of the winter behaviour of emperor penguins has 23 Dec 2018, 22:24
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tinashine20
Knowledge of the winter behaviour of emperor penguins has been gained slowly because of high winds, temperatures around minus 60 degrees Fahrenheit, the fact of round-the-clock darkness and frequently sudden blizzards make the Antarctic habitats of the emperors dangerous places for humans in winter.

A. the fact of round-the-clock darkness and frequently sudden blizzards make
B. round-the-clock darkness, with frequently sudden blizzards, make
C. round-the-clock darkness, and frequent sudden blizzards make
D. the fact of round-the-clock darkness, with frequent sudden blizzards, making
E. round-the-clock darkness, and frequent sudden blizzards making
Show more

"the fact of..." breaks the parallelism so A and D can be eliminated.
Cause-effect relationship so "comma + verb + ing" form is desired. Hence, B and C can be eliminated.
E conveys the meaning clearly while conserving the parallelism as well.
E it is.
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Knowledge of the winter behaviour of emperor penguins has 10 Mar 2019, 04:08
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The phrase ‘the fact of’ is incorrect and awkward, so A and D can be ignored. B has a word choice error, the word ‘frequently’ does not fit, it should be ‘frequent’. In C ‘make’ is the wrong tense, it should be present continuous- ‘making’. Thus E is the right option.
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Knowledge of the winter behaviour of emperor penguins has 26 Aug 2019, 08:10
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Caught between C & E, Even in the discussions that follow both have been mentioned as correct. Please help.
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Knowledge of the winter behaviour of emperor penguins has 26 Aug 2019, 10:39
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Sakshi0510
Caught between C & E, Even in the discussions that follow both have been mentioned as correct. Please help.
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Hi Sakshi, the non-underlined portion states because of.

Since of is a preposition, it can only be followed by a noun phrase; we would normally not expect a verb after a preposition.

For example, which one would you choose:

(a) Peter scored well because of hard work.

Or

(b) Peter scored well because of he worked hard.

Clearly (a) is correct. (b) incorrectly uses a verb (worked) after the preposition of.

Similarly, in the sentence under consideration, option C incorrectly uses the verb make after of. Had the non-underlined portion used only because (and not because of), option C would have been correct.

p.s. Our book EducationAisle Sentence Correction Nirvana discusses difference between "because" and "because of", its application and examples in significant detail. If you or someone is interested, PM me your email-id; I can mail the corresponding section.
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Knowledge of the winter behaviour of emperor penguins has 31 Aug 2019, 06:44
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why is it option e and not option c .
Making vs make whats the difference here .
Could some one please provide a elaborate explanation
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Knowledge of the winter behaviour of emperor penguins has 21 May 2025, 01:39
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