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2. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would regard which of the following as characteristic of a movement but not of a spirit?
(A) Individual statements of purpose
(B) Conflicts between rivals
(C) The cultivation of notoriety
(D) The development of new ideas
(E) An explicit ideology
Look at what the passage gives:
There has been a wide-
spread tendency to regard the Harlem Renaissance
as a monolithic cultural movement, capable of
reduction to one orthodoxy or another or to a set
of characteristic principles. This presumption
(30)
reflects the bias in most American scholarship that
postulates Black people as a united entity and then
poses theories ignoring individuation of thought
and feeling...
Note the line in Blue. A movement as per the author can be reduced to one ideology or principle. But she says that Harlem R is a spirit (line 5), not a movement so you can't make generalisations about Harlem R. Hence, a spirit does not have an explicit single ideology but a movement does.
An option that could be a bit confusing is option (A).
But look at this excerpt from the passage:
When one
studies in depth the phenomenon of what was then
(15)
called the Negro Renaissance or the New Negro
Renaissance, and what is now called the Harlem
Renaissance, one comes away with a bewildering
complex of notions, statements, affirmations, and
manifestos. Although there is general agreement
(20)
that the Harlem Renaissance is bounded by ...
When one studies Harlem R, one comes out with many notions, statements, affirmations etc. So a spirit could have multiple 'statements.'
Answer (E)
