Key idea: The lifespan is a red herring — the colony started 9 days ago and bacteria live 12 days, so nothing has died yet. Every bacterium ever born is still alive. Once you see that, the problem collapses to plain doubling.
Start: 2 bacteria, 9 days of doubling.
2 × 29 = 2 × 512 = 1024
Answer: C. 1024
Why the lifespan clause exists: it's there to make you attempt a subtraction — compute deaths, or split the colony into cohorts and track which generation expires when. But the colony is only 9 days old and the shortest-lived bacterium survives 12 days, so no cohort has reached expiry. The subtraction is zero.
The transferable move: before building machinery for a complicating condition, check whether it has actually triggered. Same habit applies to tax brackets, depreciation thresholds, piecewise functions, expiry dates — anywhere a rule only activates past a boundary.