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I understand that "who" is used to refer to people, thus A, B, and C are the only options.

However, all the answers seem to be dependent clauses combined.

Also, I feel like "once" changes the meaning of the sentence to being found guilty just once.
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smlprkh
I understand that "who" is used to refer to people, thus A, B, and C are the only options.

However, all the answers seem to be dependent clauses combined.
All versions are independent clauses.

The subject in all versions is "many convicts," and the main verb in all versions is "can ... be proven."

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Also, I feel like "once" changes the meaning of the sentence to being found guilty just once.
While it may be possible to interpret "once" in the way in which you describe, context clues indicate that, in this case, "once" means "at some time in the past."
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Reminds me of a very similar OG sentence:

As a result of the medical advances, many people who might once have died in childhood of such infections as diptheria, pneumonia or rheumatic fever now live well into old age.
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EducationAisle
Reminds me of a very similar OG sentence:

As a result of the medical advances, many people who might once have died in childhood of such infections as diptheria, pneumonia or rheumatic fever now live well into old age.

Here is that question: https://gmatclub.com/forum/as-a-result- ... 37553.html
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