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27 Jun 2018, 23:21
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E
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
45%
(medium)
Question Stats:
66% (02:03) correct
34%
(02:11)
wrong
based on 916
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Mayor of Smalltown: Instituting high taxes on sodas, which are currently untaxed in Smalltown, has been shown in the past year to encourage people to reduce their intake of soda and live healthier lifestyles. Because the effects of such taxes on local businesses have not yet been determined, though, I believe we should wait before implementing such a tax.
Activist: Your position is inconsistent with previous actions you have taken. You have implemented many laws that have decreased local businesses' revenues in order to help consumers, so concern for local businesses cannot be the true reason you refuse to pass this law now.
The activist's argument is flawed because it fails to consider that
A. the health effects of some types of sodas may be different than the health effects of others.
B. it is possible that the mayor believes lower soda consumption is an inefficient way to encourage healthier lifestyles.
C. soda consumption has been strongly linked to rates of obesity and shorter lifespans.
D. the effects of taxes on local businesses may not be immediately apparent in all cases.
E. it is possible to weigh known drawbacks against known benefits, but not possible to weigh unknown drawbacks in the same way.
Activist: Your position is inconsistent with previous actions you have taken. You have implemented many laws that have decreased local businesses' revenues in order to help consumers, so concern for local businesses cannot be the true reason you refuse to pass this law now.
The activist's argument is flawed because it fails to consider that
A. the health effects of some types of sodas may be different than the health effects of others.
B. it is possible that the mayor believes lower soda consumption is an inefficient way to encourage healthier lifestyles.
C. soda consumption has been strongly linked to rates of obesity and shorter lifespans.
D. the effects of taxes on local businesses may not be immediately apparent in all cases.
E. it is possible to weigh known drawbacks against known benefits, but not possible to weigh unknown drawbacks in the same way.
28 Jun 2018, 01:13
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Mayor of Smalltown: Instituting high taxes on sodas, which are currently untaxed in Smalltown, has been shown in the past year to encourage people to reduce their intake of soda and live healthier lifestyles. Because the effects of such taxes on local businesses have not yet been determined, though, I believe we should wait before implementing such a tax.
Activist: Your position is inconsistent with previous actions you have taken. You have implemented many laws that have decreased local businesses' revenues in order to help consumers, so concern for local businesses cannot be the true reason you refuse to pass this law now.
REASONING
Mayor:- high taxes - reduction in intake of soda and healtheir lifestyle. However effects on local businesses not known - so wait.
WAIT means they are trying to study the effect before taking a call
Activist :- mayor's position inconsistent - earlier too laws implemented that resulted in lower local business revenue but helped consumers.
The activist's argument is flawed because it fails to consider that
LOOKING for:- some choice which can justify the implementation of law earlier and the suggested wait in present case
A. the health effects of some types of sodas may be different than the health effects of others.
we are looking for the consistency in implementation of law. health effects is not being discussed
B. it is possible that the mayor believes lower soda consumption is an inefficient way to encourage healthier lifestyles.
out of context
C. soda consumption has been strongly linked to rates of obesity and shorter lifespans.
Again does not touch teh argument
D. the effects of taxes on local businesses may not be immediately apparent in all cases.
This is valid for the present and all old cases equally, so does not effect the argument
E. it is possible to weigh known drawbacks against known benefits, but not possible to weigh unknown drawbacks in the same way.
Now if there were unkown drawbacks in the old scenarios so these could not be wehed with benefits, and thus implemented..
But in this case the drawbacks and benefits are known and so can be weighed and then implementedi as also in the reasoning above it is inferred
WAIT means they are trying to study the effect before taking a call
correct
E
Activist: Your position is inconsistent with previous actions you have taken. You have implemented many laws that have decreased local businesses' revenues in order to help consumers, so concern for local businesses cannot be the true reason you refuse to pass this law now.
REASONING
Mayor:- high taxes - reduction in intake of soda and healtheir lifestyle. However effects on local businesses not known - so wait.
WAIT means they are trying to study the effect before taking a call
Activist :- mayor's position inconsistent - earlier too laws implemented that resulted in lower local business revenue but helped consumers.
The activist's argument is flawed because it fails to consider that
LOOKING for:- some choice which can justify the implementation of law earlier and the suggested wait in present case
A. the health effects of some types of sodas may be different than the health effects of others.
we are looking for the consistency in implementation of law. health effects is not being discussed
B. it is possible that the mayor believes lower soda consumption is an inefficient way to encourage healthier lifestyles.
out of context
C. soda consumption has been strongly linked to rates of obesity and shorter lifespans.
Again does not touch teh argument
D. the effects of taxes on local businesses may not be immediately apparent in all cases.
This is valid for the present and all old cases equally, so does not effect the argument
E. it is possible to weigh known drawbacks against known benefits, but not possible to weigh unknown drawbacks in the same way.
Now if there were unkown drawbacks in the old scenarios so these could not be wehed with benefits, and thus implemented..
But in this case the drawbacks and benefits are known and so can be weighed and then implementedi as also in the reasoning above it is inferred
WAIT means they are trying to study the effect before taking a call
correct
E
28 Jun 2018, 01:14
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The answer is E.
We can solve this question using the
A. the health effects of some types of sodas may be different than the health effects of others. The topic is a soda ban in general, not on specific types of sodas
B. it is possible that the mayor believes lower soda consumption is an inefficient way to encourage healthier lifestyles. no - the mayor explicitly says the reduced consumption and healthier lifestyles come together
C. soda consumption has been strongly linked to rates of obesity and shorter lifespans. this adds no info (the mayor acknowledges the health risks), but if anything, this strengthens the activist's seed of the argument
D. the effects of taxes on local businesses may not be immediately apparent in all cases. again, adds no information - the Mayor explicitly said this, and thus it doesn't make sense to claim that the activists didn't take this into account
E. it is possible to weigh known drawbacks against known benefits, but not possible to weigh unknown drawbacks in the same way. yes - this is a point which 1) hasn't yet been stated, and 2) provides a differentiating reason that can can explain why the Mayor would decide against businesses in one case, and for them in another
We can solve this question using the
Alternative
method of using the answers, since it's not clear where we should start.A. the health effects of some types of sodas may be different than the health effects of others. The topic is a soda ban in general, not on specific types of sodas
B. it is possible that the mayor believes lower soda consumption is an inefficient way to encourage healthier lifestyles. no - the mayor explicitly says the reduced consumption and healthier lifestyles come together
C. soda consumption has been strongly linked to rates of obesity and shorter lifespans. this adds no info (the mayor acknowledges the health risks), but if anything, this strengthens the activist's seed of the argument
D. the effects of taxes on local businesses may not be immediately apparent in all cases. again, adds no information - the Mayor explicitly said this, and thus it doesn't make sense to claim that the activists didn't take this into account
E. it is possible to weigh known drawbacks against known benefits, but not possible to weigh unknown drawbacks in the same way. yes - this is a point which 1) hasn't yet been stated, and 2) provides a differentiating reason that can can explain why the Mayor would decide against businesses in one case, and for them in another
