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munindra95
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Most European countries offer a variety of programs for assisting work 01 Aug 2023, 08:36
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hi @e-gmat
Can you please explain the difference between for assisting and to assist here.
to assist means the purpose
for assisting mean for what.
I am confused. Any can work here.
Though the question did test this concept here, please tell me the diffrence here between for assisting and to assist
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Most European countries offer a variety of programs for assisting work 19 Aug 2023, 06:23
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Hi Experts,

When i first attempted the question, I have eliminated Option E on the basis that "How working parents can include paid maternity and paternity leaves?". However, now i know that Option E is correct. I need more further insights on the usage of Both 'Including' and "Which'.

I know that 'including' can work both as a modifier and as a prepositional phrase.

1. When 'which' is used, Can we skip the preposition phrase so that the 'which' refers to the noun prior to preposition phrase. Like in Option A "a variety of programs for assisting working parents, which include".

2. When including is used, does it can also act in the same manner as above. How comma works in the following sentence?

I think when 'including' refers to the object of the prepositional phrase comma is not required. However when 'Including' skips over the prepositional phrase 'comma' is required to separate the 'including' from the object of the prepositional phrase.

Is my thinking correct? and please clarify the points 1 & 2 asked.

Please help KarishmaB GMATNinja
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KarishmaB
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Most European countries offer a variety of programs for assisting work 19 Aug 2023, 23:21
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Keshav1404
Hi Experts,

When i first attempted the question, I have eliminated Option E on the basis that "How working parents can include paid maternity and paternity leaves?". However, now i know that Option E is correct. I need more further insights on the usage of Both 'Including' and "Which'.

I know that 'including' can work both as a modifier and as a prepositional phrase.

1. When 'which' is used, Can we skip the preposition phrase so that the 'which' refers to the noun prior to preposition phrase. Like in Option A "a variety of programs for assisting working parents, which include".

2. When including is used, does it can also act in the same manner as above. How comma works in the following sentence?

I think when 'including' refers to the object of the prepositional phrase comma is not required. However when 'Including' skips over the prepositional phrase 'comma' is required to separate the 'including' from the object of the prepositional phrase.

Is my thinking correct? and please clarify the points 1 & 2 asked.

Please help KarishmaB GMATNinja
Show more

Yes, which can skip over the prepositional phrase to refer to the noun.

'Including ...' is acting as a prepositional phrase to say that programs A, B and C are a part of the programs offered. In a way, they give specific examples. Often this phrase is a non essential part of the sentence and is separated by commas.
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Most European countries offer a variety of programs for assisting work 20 Aug 2023, 00:49
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KarishmaB
Keshav1404
Hi Experts,

When i first attempted the question, I have eliminated Option E on the basis that "How working parents can include paid maternity and paternity leaves?". However, now i know that Option E is correct. I need more further insights on the usage of Both 'Including' and "Which'.

I know that 'including' can work both as a modifier and as a prepositional phrase.

1. When 'which' is used, Can we skip the preposition phrase so that the 'which' refers to the noun prior to preposition phrase. Like in Option A "a variety of programs for assisting working parents, which include".

2. When including is used, does it can also act in the same manner as above. How comma works in the following sentence?

I think when 'including' refers to the object of the prepositional phrase comma is not required. However when 'Including' skips over the prepositional phrase 'comma' is required to separate the 'including' from the object of the prepositional phrase.

Is my thinking correct? and please clarify the points 1 & 2 asked.

Please help KarishmaB GMATNinja

Yes, which can skip over the prepositional phrase to refer to the noun.


'Including ...' is acting as a prepositional phrase to say that programs A, B and C are a part of the programs offered. In a way, they give specific examples. Often this phrase is a non essential part of the sentence and is separated by commas.
Show more

KarishmaB

If 'Including' is separated by comma. How can I avoid eliminating the answer option E, As the meaning of it can be interpreted as 'Working parents include
Paid Leaves and Subsidized public nursery. Do 'including' can also skip over the prepositional phrase?
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Most European countries offer a variety of programs for assisting work 20 Aug 2023, 05:49
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Keshav1404
KarishmaB
Keshav1404
Hi Experts,

When i first attempted the question, I have eliminated Option E on the basis that "How working parents can include paid maternity and paternity leaves?". However, now i know that Option E is correct. I need more further insights on the usage of Both 'Including' and "Which'.

I know that 'including' can work both as a modifier and as a prepositional phrase.

1. When 'which' is used, Can we skip the preposition phrase so that the 'which' refers to the noun prior to preposition phrase. Like in Option A "a variety of programs for assisting working parents, which include".

2. When including is used, does it can also act in the same manner as above. How comma works in the following sentence?

I think when 'including' refers to the object of the prepositional phrase comma is not required. However when 'Including' skips over the prepositional phrase 'comma' is required to separate the 'including' from the object of the prepositional phrase.

Is my thinking correct? and please clarify the points 1 & 2 asked.

Please help KarishmaB GMATNinja

Yes, which can skip over the prepositional phrase to refer to the noun.


'Including ...' is acting as a prepositional phrase to say that programs A, B and C are a part of the programs offered. In a way, they give specific examples. Often this phrase is a non essential part of the sentence and is separated by commas.

KarishmaB

If 'Including' is separated by comma. How can I avoid eliminating the answer option E, As the meaning of it can be interpreted as 'Working parents include
Paid Leaves and Subsidized public nursery. Do 'including' can also skip over the prepositional phrase?
Show more

I am not sure why you think commas have anything to do with it.

Most countries offer a variety of programs to assist working parents, including program A, program B and program C (examples of programs)

Most countries offer a variety of programs to assist working parents, including part-timers, retainers and consultants (examples of types of working parents)

What is after 'including' tells us about what we are talking. Don't look for 'rules.'
Logic rules GMAT, not 'rules.' Only the basic Grammar rules of 'subject verb agreement' etc. are sacrosanct.
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Keshav1404
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Most European countries offer a variety of programs for assisting work 20 Aug 2023, 06:20
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KarishmaB
Keshav1404
KarishmaB
Hi Experts,

When i first attempted the question, I have eliminated Option E on the basis that "How working parents can include paid maternity and paternity leaves?". However, now i know that Option E is correct. I need more further insights on the usage of Both 'Including' and "Which'.

I know that 'including' can work both as a modifier and as a prepositional phrase.

1. When 'which' is used, Can we skip the preposition phrase so that the 'which' refers to the noun prior to preposition phrase. Like in Option A "a variety of programs for assisting working parents, which include".

2. When including is used, does it can also act in the same manner as above. How comma works in the following sentence?

I think when 'including' refers to the object of the prepositional phrase comma is not required. However when 'Including' skips over the prepositional phrase 'comma' is required to separate the 'including' from the object of the prepositional phrase.

Is my thinking correct? and please clarify the points 1 & 2 asked.

Yes, which can skip over the prepositional phrase to refer to the noun.


'Including ...' is acting as a prepositional phrase to say that programs A, B and C are a part of the programs offered. In a way, they give specific examples. Often this phrase is a non essential part of the sentence and is separated by commas.


If 'Including' is separated by comma. How can I avoid eliminating the answer option E, As the meaning of it can be interpreted as 'Working parents include
Paid Leaves and Subsidized public nursery. Do 'including' can also skip over the prepositional phrase?

I am not sure why you think commas have anything to do with it.

Most countries offer a variety of programs to assist working parents, including program A, program B and program C (examples of programs)

Most countries offer a variety of programs to assist working parents, including part-timers, retainers and consultants (examples of types of working parents)

What is after 'including' tells us about what we are talking. Don't look for 'rules.'
Logic rules GMAT, not 'rules.' Only the basic Grammar rules of 'subject verb agreement' etc. are sacrosanct.
Show more

KarishmaB

Thank you for resolving my Query. The comma query was resolved when you first responded with my query. However my query was whether including can refer both "to the noun before the prepositional phrase" and "to the object of prepositional phrase."

After your 2 different examples in the last response showing both of the cases have resolved my query.
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Most European countries offer a variety of programs for assisting work 04 Jan 2024, 03:07
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Is there also a subject-verb agreement issue here in Option D? "variety of programs for assisting working parents" (plural) - "includes" (singular)
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