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Most of the ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earths atmosphere from the Sun is absorbed by the layer of stratospheric ozone and never reaches the Earths surface. Between 1969 and 1986, the layer of stratospheric ozone over North America thinned, decreasing by about 3 percent. Yet the average level of ultraviolet radiation measured at research stations across North America decreased over the same period.
Which one of the following, if true, best reconciles the apparently discrepant facts described above?
(A) Ultraviolet radiation increases the risk of skin cancer and cataracts; the incidence of skin cancer and cataracts increased substantially between 1969 and 1986.
(B) Between 1969 and 1986, the layer of stratospheric ozone over Brazil thinned, and the average level of ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earths surface in Brazil increased.
(C) Manufactured chlorine chemicals thin the layer of stratospheric ozone.
(D) Ozone pollution, which absorbs ultraviolet radiation, increased dramatically between 1969 and 1986.
(E) Thinning of the layer of stratospheric ozone varies from one part of the world to another and from year to year.
Source: LSAT
Which one of the following, if true, best reconciles the apparently discrepant facts described above?
(A) Ultraviolet radiation increases the risk of skin cancer and cataracts; the incidence of skin cancer and cataracts increased substantially between 1969 and 1986.
(B) Between 1969 and 1986, the layer of stratospheric ozone over Brazil thinned, and the average level of ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earths surface in Brazil increased.
(C) Manufactured chlorine chemicals thin the layer of stratospheric ozone.
(D) Ozone pollution, which absorbs ultraviolet radiation, increased dramatically between 1969 and 1986.
(E) Thinning of the layer of stratospheric ozone varies from one part of the world to another and from year to year.
Source: LSAT
01 Mar 2021, 08:45
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Official Explanation
All-things-being-equal, one would expect the amount of ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth’s surface to increase as the ozone layer decreased in the upper atmosphere. So we are looking for something that might offset the decrease in ozone in the upper atmosphere. Look at choice (D). It states that as ozone decreased in the upper atmosphere it increased dramatically in the lower atmosphere. Thus, overall there would be more ozone in the atmosphere and therefore more ultraviolet light would be absorbed before reaching the Earth’s surface. The answer is (D).
The first part of choice (A) is irrelevant. The second part rather than reconciling the discrepant facts would add another discrepant fact: If the amount of cancer causing ultraviolet light reaching the Earth decreased, the incidence of cancer should also decrease, not increase.
Choice (B) is irrelevant since the passage is about what happened in North America, not Brazil. Even if it were relevant, it would strengthen, not reconcile, the apparently discrepant facts.
Choice (C) explains why the ozone is being depleted in the upper atmosphere, but this does not reconcile the discrepancy.
Choice (E) offers another explanation for why the ozone in the upper atmosphere is being depleted, but again this does not reconcile the discrepancy
General Discussion
07 Mar 2017, 08:37
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A) Not related to the topic
B) Incorrect comparison leading extending the cause and effect scenario
C) Mentions the reason for the depletion of the ozone layer but does not solve the paradox
D) properly resolves the paradox
E) Not related to the topic
Posted from my mobile device
B) Incorrect comparison leading extending the cause and effect scenario
C) Mentions the reason for the depletion of the ozone layer but does not solve the paradox
D) properly resolves the paradox
E) Not related to the topic
Posted from my mobile device
