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20 May 2026, 19:00
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Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
15%
(low)
Question Stats:
81% (01:26) correct
19%
(01:28)
wrong
based on 165
sessions
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Date
Time
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Not Attempted Yet
Mr. Ito: If all universities focused on finances, there would be no research universities, because of the intrinsically high cost of running such universities.
Ms. Nakamura: I do not concur with that stance. The academic challenges and opportunities provided by research universities attract the best academicians. This, in turn, enables those universities to concentrate on specialized research.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen Ms. Nakamura’s attempt to refute Mr. Ito’s claim?
A. Academicians at research universities command high salaries.
B. Becoming highly specialized is the modern trend among academicians.
C. Existing research universities are partly funded through public subsidies.
D. The student failure rate at research universities is high.
E. Sophisticated, specialized research attracts high funding.
Ms. Nakamura: I do not concur with that stance. The academic challenges and opportunities provided by research universities attract the best academicians. This, in turn, enables those universities to concentrate on specialized research.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen Ms. Nakamura’s attempt to refute Mr. Ito’s claim?
A. Academicians at research universities command high salaries.
B. Becoming highly specialized is the modern trend among academicians.
C. Existing research universities are partly funded through public subsidies.
D. The student failure rate at research universities is high.
E. Sophisticated, specialized research attracts high funding.
20 May 2026, 22:34
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Mr. Ito: If all universities focused on finances, there would be no research universities, because of the intrinsically high cost of running such universities.
Ms. Nakamura: I do not concur with that stance. The academic challenges and opportunities provided by research universities attract the best academicians. This, in turn, enables those universities to concentrate on specialized research.
Mr Ito- if focused on finances, would be no research uni, because of high cost of running such uni.
Ms nakamura- dont agree on that.
reason- research uni provides the challenges and opportunities and that attracts best academicians. and this is turn will help those uni to concentrate on specialized research.
here the ito's argument relies on financial aspect whereas lady countered that with completely different reason. her argument focuses on specialized research.
A. Academicians at research universities command high salaries.
not about high salaries. reject.
B. Becoming highly specialized is the modern trend among academicians.
irrelevant. out.
C. Existing research universities are partly funded through public subsidies.
this could be trap but it has no way to back nakamura's reasoning.
D. The student failure rate at research universities is high.
out of scope.
E. Sophisticated, specialized research attracts high funding.
this completes the link. if universities attracts best people and then those people concentrate on specialized research and then those research attracts the funding , it gets easier to run research uni.
ans E
Ms. Nakamura: I do not concur with that stance. The academic challenges and opportunities provided by research universities attract the best academicians. This, in turn, enables those universities to concentrate on specialized research.
Mr Ito- if focused on finances, would be no research uni, because of high cost of running such uni.
Ms nakamura- dont agree on that.
reason- research uni provides the challenges and opportunities and that attracts best academicians. and this is turn will help those uni to concentrate on specialized research.
here the ito's argument relies on financial aspect whereas lady countered that with completely different reason. her argument focuses on specialized research.
A. Academicians at research universities command high salaries.
not about high salaries. reject.
B. Becoming highly specialized is the modern trend among academicians.
irrelevant. out.
C. Existing research universities are partly funded through public subsidies.
this could be trap but it has no way to back nakamura's reasoning.
D. The student failure rate at research universities is high.
out of scope.
E. Sophisticated, specialized research attracts high funding.
this completes the link. if universities attracts best people and then those people concentrate on specialized research and then those research attracts the funding , it gets easier to run research uni.
ans E
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21 May 2026, 09:52
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To successfully debate Mr. Ito, Ms. Nakamura has to prove that running a research university does make financial sense.
Right now, her argument is incomplete. She says research universities lead to "specialized research," but she hasn't explained how "specialized research" solves Mr. Ito's complaint about money. We need an answer choice that builds a bridge between "specialized research" and "financial success."
(A) Academicians at research universities command high salaries.
This actually strengthens Mr. Ito's argument! High salaries mean higher costs. If costs are even higher, it makes research universities look like a worse financial decision.
(B) Becoming highly specialized is the modern trend among academicians.
This tells us about a trend in academia, but it says absolutely nothing about finances or money, which is the core issue of the debate.
(C) Existing research universities are partly funded through public subsidies.
While this explains how they survive right now, it doesn't connect to Ms. Nakamura's specific point about specialized research. We need an answer that makes her evidence relevant to the financial debate.
(D) The student failure rate at research universities is high.
This is completely out of scope. Student failure rates have nothing to do with whether the university is financially viable to run.
(E) Sophisticated, specialized research attracts high funding.
This explains how "specialized research" solves Mr. Ito's complaint about money.
Ans (E)
Right now, her argument is incomplete. She says research universities lead to "specialized research," but she hasn't explained how "specialized research" solves Mr. Ito's complaint about money. We need an answer choice that builds a bridge between "specialized research" and "financial success."
(A) Academicians at research universities command high salaries.
This actually strengthens Mr. Ito's argument! High salaries mean higher costs. If costs are even higher, it makes research universities look like a worse financial decision.
(B) Becoming highly specialized is the modern trend among academicians.
This tells us about a trend in academia, but it says absolutely nothing about finances or money, which is the core issue of the debate.
(C) Existing research universities are partly funded through public subsidies.
While this explains how they survive right now, it doesn't connect to Ms. Nakamura's specific point about specialized research. We need an answer that makes her evidence relevant to the financial debate.
(D) The student failure rate at research universities is high.
This is completely out of scope. Student failure rates have nothing to do with whether the university is financially viable to run.
(E) Sophisticated, specialized research attracts high funding.
This explains how "specialized research" solves Mr. Ito's complaint about money.
Ans (E)
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