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7. Is x the square of an integer?

(1) When x is divided by 12 the remainder is 6
(2) When x is divided by 14 the remainder is 2

(1) When x is divided by 12 the remainder is 6

when x is divided by 12 the remainder is 6 --> x = 12q + 6 = 3*2*(2q+1) ; So the answer is NO, x cannot be the square of any integer

For example :
q = 1 : x = 18
q=2 : x = 30 ...

(1) SUFFICIENT

(2) When x is divided by 14 the remainder is 2

When x is divided by 14 the remainder is 2 --> x = 14p + 2 = 2*(7p+1)

For example :
p = 1 --> x = 16 = 4^2
p = 2 --> x = 30

So, we dont know --> (2) NOT SUFFICIENT

Answer : A
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10. If N = 3^x*5^y, where x and y are positive integers, and N has 12 positive factors, what is the value of N?

(1) 9 is NOT a factor of N
(2) 125 is a factor of N

(x,y) two positive integers and N has 12 postive factors --> (x+1)(y+1)= 12

x + 1 = 2 and y + 1 = 6 --> (x,y) = (1,5)
x + 1 = 6 and y + 1 = 2 --> (x,y) = (5,1)
x + 1 = 3 and y + 1 = 4 --> (x,y) = (2,3)
x + 1 = 4 and y + 1 = 3 --> (x,y) = (3,2)

(1) 9 is NOT a factor of N

Since x is a positive integer and 9 is not a factor of N, then dicard x=2 and x=3 and x=5 --> x=1

x=1 --> y=5 --> N = 3^x*5^y = 3^1 * 5^5 --> Statement 1 ALONE SUFFICENT

(2) 125 is a factor of N

we know that : 5^3 = 125 , hence discard all possible values less than 3 for y --> two possibilties remain (x,y) = (1,5) and (x,y) = (2,3) --> Statement 2 ALONE INSUFFICIENT

Answer : A
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BONUS QUESTION:
11. If x and y are positive integers, is x a prime number?

(1) |x - 2| < 2 - y
(2) x + y - 3 = |1-y|

(1) |x - 2| < 2 - y

If x<2 --> x=1 because x is a positive integer then x is not prime
If x=2 --> x is prime

If x>2 --> x - 2 < 2 - y
In this case :
if y<2 --> y = 1 -> x < 3 and because x>2 so this can't be true --> y must be greater than or equalt to 2
if y = 2 -> x - 2 < 0 -> x<2 so x = 1 and thus x is not prime
if y>2 hence 2 - y < 0 -> x - 2 < 2 - y < 0 -> x - 2 < 0 -> x < 2 -> x = 1 -> thus x is not prime

(1) ALONE IS SUFFICIENT

2) x + y - 3 = |1-y|

y is a positive integer
--> if y = 1 --> x = 2 thus x is prime
--> if y>1 --> |1-y| = y - 1 --> x + y - 3 = y - 1 --> x = 2 and thus x is prime

(2) ALONE IS SUFFICIENT

Answer : D
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1] (1) |23.x| is a prime number. Since 23 is prime, and x is an integer, any other value of x other than +1 or -1
will result in a multiple of 23, therefore, nonprime number. Therefore, x = -1 or x = 1
Insufficient


(2) 2.|x| is a prime number. Any other value of x other than +1 or -1 will result in an even number other than 2. Therefore, x=-1 or x =1
Insufficient

(1)+(2) still gives x = 1 or x = -1 Insufficient


Answer: E
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2] n has only two positive factorss, therefore n is prime.

(1) n/2 is one of the factors of n. If n is prime, and n/2 is a factor of n, then n = 2. Sufficient


(2) As Bunuel always says, the greatest rule about LCM is that for two numbers a,b, we have: a.b =LCM(a,b).GCF(a,b). If n is prime, let's suppose n>2 (in this case, n will have to be odd since it is prime). If n is odd, then n+10 is odd as well. From the rule we just mentioned:

n.(n+10) = odd*odd = odd = LCM.GCF -> Therefore, LCM(n,n+10) cannot be even (otherwise, the product would be even).

So, n has to be 2. Sufficient


Answer: D
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3]


(1) Both x and y have 3 factors. Which means that x and y are not only perfect squares, but also perfect squares of PRIME numbers. Let's remember that the only 2 consecutive prime numbers are 2 and 3, therefore: Sufficient


(2) This already gives us directly the same information that sqrt(x)=2, and sqrt(y) = 3, therefore: Sufficient

Answer: D
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4]
(1) 444, 488 and 848 all fit the description with this information. Theferore, insufficient


(2) K is a multiple 3 if, and only if, the sum of its digits is a multiple of 3. Note that, applying this rule, only
444 and 888 are multiple of 3, from the possibilities that fit the stem description. All other possibilites are not multiples of 3.
Therefore, insufficient

(1) + (2): 488 and 848 are still a possibility. Insufficient


Answer: E
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6]
(1) Consider the sets: {-1,-2,-3} and {1,2,-3}, which both fit the stem description and statement 1. For one the answer is YES, for the other, the answer is NO. Therefore, Insufficient.


(2) Consider the sets: {1,2,3} and {-3,-2,-1}, which both fit the stem description and statement 2. For one the answer is YES, for the other, the answer is NO. Therefore, Insufficient

(1) + (2):
From the information in (2), we have that the largest and smallest number HAVE to be of the same sign. Therefore, for a three integer set, the middle number will have to be of the same sign. From statement (1), they all have to be negative.
Note that for sets with more than 3 integers, the fact that the product of any 3 integers have to be negative, forces the other numbers to be negative as well. Therefore, Sufficient

Answer: C
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7]

(1) Look for patterns. For perfect squares, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 121, 144, 169,... the remainders when divided by 12 are: 1, 4, 9,4,1,4,9,0, 1,4,9.... Therefore, the answer will always be no. Sufficient
(keep in mind, this is not a trivial nor formal passage, but this pattern check will do for gmat)

(2) Consider the numbers 16, and 100 (both perfect squares), and both have remainder 2 when divided by 14. Therefore, insufficient

Answer: A
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8] Since we have an even number of elements in the set, the median will be the average of the two central numbers. Therefore, the median will be of type: (1/p + 1/q)/2 = (q+p)/(2.p.q), where p and q are primes.

(1) The reciprocal of the median, X = 2pq/(p+q) , is prime. So, pq/(p+q) = 1 (let me know if this passage was not trivial for you). Therefore: pq = p + q , which means p = q = 2. Since 1/2 is also the largest possibility of an element for S, we must have all numbers of the set equal to 1/2. Therefore, Sufficient

(2) The only terminating decimals of type 1/n, where n is a prime number are: 1/2 and 1/5. Set S has to have only elements equal to 1/2 and 1/5, which means the median can be equal to 1/2, 1/5 or something between 1/2 and 1/5. Therefore, the median is always greater than 1/5. Sufficient

Answer: D
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10] (x+1).(y+1) = 12, results in the possible (x,y) pairs: (1,5), (2,3), (3,2), (5,1)


(1) If 9 is not a factor of N, then x < 2. Therefore N = 3.5^5. Sufficient

(2) If 125 is a factor of N, then y >=3. Therefore (x,y) can be either (1,5) or (2,3). Insufficient

Answer: A
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11] (BONUS QUESTION)

(1) |x-2| < 2-y
=> y-2 < x - 2 < 2 - y
=> y < x < 4 -y
=> y = 1 (try, plugging y >1, to see what happens to the inequality)
=> 1 < x < 3
=> x = 2
=> x is prime

Sufficient


(2) x + y - 3 = |1-y|
As y is a positive integer, y>=1 always, which means |1-y| = y-1. Therefore, x + y - 3 = y -1, which implies x = 2.
Sufficient

Answer: D
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Bunuel
4. Each digit of the three-digit integer N is a positive multiple of 4, what is the value of K?

(1) The units digit of K is the least common multiple of the tens and hundreds digit of K. K could be 444, 488, 848, or 888. Not sufficient.

(2) K is NOT a multiple of 3. K could be 448, 484, 488, 844, 848, or 884. Not sufficient.

(1)+(2) From above K could be 488 or 848. Not sufficient.

Answer: E.

Hi Bunuel,
Could you please clarify if 0 is a multiple of every number in GMAT land.
Thanks
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imhimanshu

Hi Bunuel,
Could you please clarify if 0 is a multiple of every number in GMAT land.
Thanks


0 is a multiple of every integer.
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Bunuel
11. If x and y are positive integers, is x a prime number?

(1) |x - 2| < 2 - y . The left hand side of the inequality is an absolute value, so the least value of LHS is zero, thus 0 < 2 - y, thus y < 2 (if y is more than or equal to 2, then \(y-2\leq{0}\) and it cannot be greater than |x - 2|). Next, since given that y is a positive integer, then y=1.

Answer: D.

Hi Bunuel,
Thanks for the awesome questions that you ve posted.

I have a doubt in the above question. Could you please elaborate why can't we solve the Statement A as below -

|x - 2| < 2 - y ---> y-2< X-2 < 2-y

I tried solving above, by removing the Modulus, however I am not getting any specific value.

Kindly respond.

Thanks

Responding to a pm:

If you must solve it using algebra, then do this:

|x - 2| < 2 - y

Take the two cases:

Case 1:
x - 2 >= 0 i.e. x >= 2
x - 2 < 2 - y
x + y < 4
Since x must be 2 or greater than 2 and x and y both are positive integers, x must be 2 and y must be 1 (x cannot be 3 or greater since y must be at least 1 but the sum of x and y in that case will not be less than 4).

Case 2:
x - 2 < 0 i.e. x < 2
The only value that x can take in this case is 1.
|1 - 2| < 2 - y
1 < 2 - y
y < 1
But we know that y must be a positive integer so x cannot take value 1.

The only value that x can take is 2 which is prime. Hence this statement alone is sufficient.

Mind you, using algebra too you will have to use logic so you might as well look at Bunuel's solution again.
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Bunuel
5. If a, b, and c are integers and a < b < c, are a, b, and c consecutive integers?

Note that:
A. The factorial of a negative number is undefined.
B. 0!=1.
C. Only two factorials are odd: 0!=1 and 1!=1.
D. Factorial of a number which is prime is 2!=2.

(1) The median of {a!, b!, c!} is an odd number. This implies that b!=odd. Thus b is 0 or 1. But if b=0, then a is a negative number, so in this case a! is not defined. Therefore a=0 and b=1, so the set is {0!, 1!, c!}={1, 1, c!}. Now, if c=2, then the answer is YES but if c is any other number then the answer is NO. Not sufficient.

(2) c! is a prime number. This implies that c=2. Not sufficient.

(1)+(2) From above we have that a=0, b=1 and c=2, thus the answer to the question is YES. Sufficient.

Answer: C.

A small question, when the outcome of {a!, b!, c!} is an odd number ...is ...{1, 1, c!}, should we need to check what C is ? as whatever the C is it cant be consecutive integers.

Regards
Sanjiv
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Bunuel
5. If a, b, and c are integers and a < b < c, are a, b, and c consecutive integers?

Note that:
A. The factorial of a negative number is undefined.
B. 0!=1.
C. Only two factorials are odd: 0!=1 and 1!=1.
D. Factorial of a number which is prime is 2!=2.

(1) The median of {a!, b!, c!} is an odd number. This implies that b!=odd. Thus b is 0 or 1. But if b=0, then a is a negative number, so in this case a! is not defined. Therefore a=0 and b=1, so the set is {0!, 1!, c!}={1, 1, c!}. Now, if c=2, then the answer is YES but if c is any other number then the answer is NO. Not sufficient.

(2) c! is a prime number. This implies that c=2. Not sufficient.

(1)+(2) From above we have that a=0, b=1 and c=2, thus the answer to the question is YES. Sufficient.

Answer: C.

A small question, when the outcome of {a!, b!, c!} is an odd number ...is ...{1, 1, c!}, should we need to check what C is ? as whatever the C is it cant be consecutive integers.

Regards
Sanjiv

If we knew for sure that the set is {1, 1, c!}, then yes we would have a definite NO answer to the question. But {1, 1, c!} is not possible since a < b < c implies that the integers in the set are distinct.

(1) implies that the set is {0, 1, c!} ({0!=1, 1!=1, c!}) and if c=2, then the answer would be YES, but if c=3, then the answer would be NO.

Hope it's clear.
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